Journal Article

High‐contrast QPSK pattern recognition device consisting of a 4× $\\times$ 4 MMI coupler

Uenohara, Hiroyuki, Aikawa, Yohei

2024

Overview

Pattern recognition of optical label is utilized not only in packet switches but also in the field of data security due to its wide range of applications. In particular, pattern recognition using waveguide devices is highly valued because it eliminates the need for encoder processing. However, existing methods suffer from the problem of degraded contrast ratio because half of the input power are emitted from non‐target waveguides. In this article, a method is proposed to improve the contrast ratio employing a 4× $\\times$ 4 multi‐mode interference (MMI) coupler with multiple input signals. The theoretical results reveal that the proposed method improves the contrast ratio from 3.0 dB to 9.5 dB and ∞ $\\infty$dB for the three‐input and four‐input cases, respectively, for quadrature phase‐shift keying (QPSK)‐modulated signal. Furthermore, numerical simulation was performed through the three dimension finite‐difference time‐domain (3D‐FDTD) method, and the proposed scheme successfully discriminated each QPSK pattern. The power value |E|2 $|E|^2$at all ports closely matches the theoretical value, and the ratios of 9.5 dB and > $>$ 30.0 dB are numerically obtained. This article introduces a novel method to enhance contrast ratio in optical label pattern recognition, crucial for packet switches and data security. By employing a 4× $\\times$ 4 multi‐mode interference coupler with multiple input signals, the proposed approach significantly improves contrast ratio, theoretically from 3.0 dB to 9.5 dB and infinitely for certain cases. Numerical simulations confirm its efficacy, demonstrating successful discrimination of QPSK patterns with results closely matching theoretical predictions.

• Subject: optical correlation / optical waveguides