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L'introduction de Free sur le marché des mobiles : essai d'analyse coûts-bénéfices
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L'introduction de Free sur le marché des mobiles : essai d'analyse coûts-bénéfices
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Journal Article
L'introduction de Free sur le marché des mobiles : essai d'analyse coûts-bénéfices
2014
Overview
L’autorité de la concurrence (ARCEP) a autorisé en 2011 l’introduction d’un quatrième opérateur de communications mobiles (Free) aux côtés d’Orange, SFR et Bouygues. L’accroissement du nombre d’acteurs devait améliorer l’efficience du secteur en renforçant la concurrence. Ce choix a été contesté par Deffains [2012] qui a montré que l’introduction de Free s’accompagnerait de la destruction de 50 000 emplois. A contrario , Thesmar et Landier [2012] attendaient de cette mesure la création nette de 16 000 à 30 000 emplois. Ces études ne s’intéressent qu’à l’effet sur l’emploi. Nous menons ici une analyse coût-bénéfices qui prend en compte toutes les conséquences de cette mesure, pour le consommateur, les entreprises et pour les finances publiques. L’arrivée de Free s’est traduite par un gain annuel d’environ 1,2 milliard d’euros pour les consommateurs. Ce gain est compensé par une perte d’un montant un peu plus élevé pour les producteurs. Mais il s’accompagne d’une perte annuelle d’environ 0,4 milliard pour les finances publiques. Au total, la décision politique prise apparaît regrettable. On examine aussi les raisons pour lesquelles, dans le secteur considéré, un renforcement de la concurrence n’est pas forcément bénéfique. A new player on the french mobile phone market : a cost benefit analysis The competition authority (ARCEP) authorized in 2011 the introduction of a fourth mobile operator (Free) alongside Orange, SFR and Bouygues. More competitors was expected to mean more competition, which was supposed to improve the efficiency of the sector. This choice was questioned by Deffains [2012] who showed that the introduction of Free would entail the destruction of 50.000 jobs. Conversely Thesmar and Landier [2012] expected from that measure the net creation of 16.000 to 30.000 jobs. These studies were focussed on the effect on employment. Here, we conduct a cost-benefit study that takes into account all the consequences of this measure to consumers, businesses and public finance. The arrival of Free has resulted in an annual increase of the consumer surplus of approximately € 1.2 billion. This gain is offset by a loss of a slightly higher amount for producers. But it is accompanied by a loss of about € 0.4 billion for public finance. In the end, the welfare impact of this decision is regrettable. The paper also discusses the reasons for which the benefits of competition were unlikely to materialize in the mobile phone sector.
Publisher
Dalloz
