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La longue marche de la transition chinoise
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Journal Article
La longue marche de la transition chinoise
1999
Overview
La Chine n'a pas entretenu l'illusion de réformes institutionnelles a priori qui conditionneraient le passage à une économie de marché. Sa transition économique s'est accompagnée d'une redéfinition progressive des structures incitatives des cadres et responsables locaux qui ont activement contribué au développement des relations marchandes. Le maintien de structures mixtes, les interventions de l'administration dans la gestion économique, des formes de propriété qui demeurent collectives, trouvent leur justification dans la minimisation des coûts de transaction en période transitionnelle. Cette grande souplesse institutionnelle a bien accompagné, dans un premier temps, une croissance remarquable ayant reposé sur l'émergence d'un secteur non étatique faiblement capitalistique; mais elle n'était pas en mesure de résoudre le problème des retards et déficits du secteur étatique qui se répercutent dans l'ensemble de l'économie. La réforme du secteur d'État est aujourd'hui entreprise dans un contexte particulièrement défavorable: crise asiatique, ralentissement de la croissance et tensions sociales qui contiennent en germe des risques de déstabilisation politique. China has not kept up the illusion of a priori institutional reforms for conditioning the passage toward a market economy. The economic transition there has gradually redefined the incentives for the executives and local leaders who actively help develop the market economy. The maintenance of mixed structures, the administration's interventions in management, still collective forms of property... all this is justified by minimizing the transaction costs during the transition. This institutional flexibility was, initially, coupled with remarkable growth based on the emergence of a slightly capitalistic non-state sector. But it could not make up for the lagging state sector with its deficits, which have repercussions throughout the economy. The reform of the state sector is now being carried out in a quite unfavorable context: the Asian crisis, slower growth and mounting social tension with the risks of political destabilization.
Publisher
CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE,Paris : Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,PERSÉE : Université de Lyon, CNRS & ENS de Lyon,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
