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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on part-time jobs and the issue of gender equality
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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on part-time jobs and the issue of gender equality
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Journal Article
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on part-time jobs and the issue of gender equality
2024
Overview
The COVID-19 pandemic brought major changes in several spheres affecting the functioning of the economy. One of the most affected areas was the labor market, which underwent changes in most EU member States in recent years. Various flexible forms of employment, which were until then used only to a limited extent in some countries, came to be necessary. The main aim of this article is to describe the possibilities of using part-time jobs as a flexible form of employment and to analyse gender differences in selected indicators related to part-time jobs in the European labor market in order to monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the EU member States. The research sample covers all EU countries, while working with selected employment indicators and data for the years 2018 and 2020. Paired T-test, or its non-parametric equivalent The Wilcoxon signed-rank test (based on the results of the normality test) will be used to assess the statistical significance of differences in dependent samples, in our case the values of the rate of total employment and part-time employment in EU member states in 2018 and 2020. In assessing the statistical significance of gender differences, the T-test for independent samples or its non-parametric alternative Mann-Whitney U test (based on the results of the normality test) will be used. The research results confirmed statistically significant differences in the share of part-time workers before and during the pandemic. It has also been shown that both genders have experienced significant changes in the share of part-time workers due to the pandemic, and also that there are significant gender differences between part-time workers. However, the research results did not confirm the statistical significance of the effects of the level of education achieved on part-time employment during the pandemic.
