Journal Article

Cardiovascular adverse effects and mechanistic insights of arsenic exposure: a review

Wang, Chunzhi, Xu, De-Xiang, Wāng, Yán, Han, Yapeng, Gao, Tiantian, Ma, Ling

2024

Overview

Human exposure to environmental arsenic induces cardiovascular diseases such as arrhythmias, hypertension, and arteriosclerosis. Here, we review the toxicological and cardiovascular impacts of arsenic in in vitro cardiac and vascular models. The mechanism of arsenic-induced cardiovascular impairments includes oxidative stress, epigenetic modifications, chromatin instability, subcellular damage, and premature aging. The different types of cardiac and vascular cells exhibit distinct responses to arsenic exposure. Arsenic causes arrhythmias, which involve alteration of cardiomyocyte potassium channels and, in turn, repolarization issues. This is mainly due to redox signals that cause epigenetic modifications of potassium channels. On the other hand, vascular lesions, such as damage to blood vessels, occur mainly due to an imbalance in redox levels. This imbalance leads to premature senescence of cells and stop the cell cycle. Furthermore, intracellular accumulation of calcium and ferrous ions plays a major role in arsenic-induced vascular cell apoptosis and cardiomyocyte ferroptosis, respectively.

• Publisher: Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Apoptosis / Arsenic / Arteriosclerosis / Blood vessels / Calcium / Calcium (intracellular) / Cardiac arrhythmia / Cardiomyocytes / Cardiovascular diseases / Cell cycle / Cell division / Channels / Chromatin / Damage / Drinking water / Epigenetics / Exposure / Ferroptosis / Ferrous ions / Food contamination & poisoning / Heart / Hypertension / Lesions / Oxidative stress / Potassium / Potassium channels / Public health / Senescence / Stem cells / Toxicology