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NaCl-induced flavonoid biosynthesis and oxidative stress responses in suspension cells of Haplophyllum virgatum var. virgatum
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NaCl-induced flavonoid biosynthesis and oxidative stress responses in suspension cells of Haplophyllum virgatum var. virgatum
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NaCl-induced flavonoid biosynthesis and oxidative stress responses in suspension cells of Haplophyllum virgatum var. virgatum
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Journal Article
NaCl-induced flavonoid biosynthesis and oxidative stress responses in suspension cells of Haplophyllum virgatum var. virgatum
2023
Overview
In addition to causing oxidative stress, NaCl can act as an inexpensive elicitor to trigger the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites like flavonoids, an important group of therapeutic compounds found in the Haplophyllum genus. Haplophyllum virgatum is an Iranian endemic plant from this genus. So far, the elicitation effect of NaCl on this plant has not been investigated. Cell suspension culture, along with elicitor application, is an appropriate technique to obtain large amounts of plant-produced compounds. Here, the oxidative stress responses were investigated in suspension cells of H. virgatum var. virgatum in the presence of NaCl (0, 100, 150, and 200 mM) at various time courses (0, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 168 h after treatments). Besides, the expression levels of two critical enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of flavonoids (chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase) and the R2R3-MYB transcription factor were measured. The accumulation of rutin (the main flavonoid in Rutaceae) in the NaCl-treated cells was also evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The obtained results have demonstrated significant enhancements in the oxidative stress indices (malondialdehyde, proline, hydrogen peroxide, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants) and the rutin contents in the studied suspension cells. In addition, positive correlations were deduced between the expression levels of mentioned genes and the rutin contents. These findings highlight the possible regulatory role of R2R3-MYB transcription factors in flavonoid biosynthesis in H. virgatum and the role of these secondary metabolites in responses to NaCl. The obtained results also suggest that NaCl is a suitable elicitor for flavonoid production in the cell suspension culture of the plant.Key messageNaCl elicited the accumulation of flavonoids in suspension cells of H. virgatum, probably via upregulation of R2R3-MYB, which then upregulated flavonoid biosynthetic genes, CHS and CHI.
Publisher
Springer Nature B.V
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