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Solar X-Band Imaging with the Arecibo 12-m Telescope: The Brightness Temperature and Magnetic Field of Active Regions
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Solar X-Band Imaging with the Arecibo 12-m Telescope: The Brightness Temperature and Magnetic Field of Active Regions
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Journal Article
Solar X-Band Imaging with the Arecibo 12-m Telescope: The Brightness Temperature and Magnetic Field of Active Regions
2023
Overview
Solar radio observations provide a powerful diagnostic of the physical conditions of the solar atmosphere over a wide range of heights. In this paper, we report regular solar mapping made at the X-band (8.1 – 9.2 GHz) with the Arecibo 12-m radio telescope, covering a period between 13 December 2021 and 9 April 2023. This has demonstrated its potential for identifying active regions and tracking their brightness-temperature changes. The X-band results are discussed along with the near-simultaneous datasets available from space- and ground-based observations. A comparison of magnetic properties of active regions with their emission characteristics indicates that the X-band brightness temperature provides better information of the magnetic-field strength associated with the emission and a brightness temperature in excess of 13 000 K allows us to infer the possibility of intense flares (i.e., ≳ M1 class) and coronal mass ejections. The ‘latitude–time’ distribution of the brightness temperature reveals the three-dimensional evolution of quiet regions on the Sun, coronal holes, and eruptive sites, over many solar rotations in the ascending phase of the current Solar Cycle 25.
Publisher
Springer Netherlands,Springer Nature B.V
