Journal Article

Effects of a lifestyle intervention on body composition in prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy

DeScenza, Victoria R., Lucas, Alexander R., Simpson, Christina, Focht, Brian C., Mortazavi, Amir, Fairman, Ciaran M., Clinton, Steven K., Chaplow, Zachary L., Buell, Jackie, Monk, J. Paul, Grainger, Elizabeth, Thomas‐Ahner, Jennifer M., Bowman, Jessica

2020

Overview

Background Exercise and dietary (EX+D) interventions could represent an optimal treatment for attenuating or reversing adverse effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. The Individualized Diet and Exercise Adherence‐Pilot (IDEA‐P) trial compared the effects of an EX+D intervention relative to standard‐of‐care (SC) treatment among PCa patients undergoing ADT. The present study evaluated the effects of the EX+D intervention on body composition (BC) obtained via dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a subsample of IDEA‐P patients. A secondary objective was to explore the association of adiposity and lean mass with mobility performance and strength. Methods Complete DXA data were acquired from a subsample of 22 PCa patients (EX+D: n = 13; SC: n = 9) at baseline and 3 month follow‐up. Intention‐to‐treat analysis included data from 30 participants (M age = 66.28; SD = 7.79) with baseline DXA assessments. Results Intention‐to‐treat analysis revealed EX+D resulted in significant improvements in fat mass (P = 0.022), per cent fat mass (P = 0.028), trunk fat mass (P = 0.017), fat mass/lean mass (P = 0.040), and per cent lean mass (P = 0.026) vs. SC. EX+D also resulted in more favourable changes in appendicular lean mass/body mass (d = 0.59). Select BC outcomes were also significantly correlated with mobility performance and strength (P < 0.05) at 3 month follow‐up. Conclusions Findings suggest the EX+D intervention resulted in superior preservation of lean tissue and improvement in adiposity relative to SC treatment. Results underscore the utility of implementing EX+D interventions for preserving muscle mass and reducing adiposity in PCa patients undergoing ADT.

• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Subject: Androgen deprivation / Androgens / Body composition / Body fat / Body mass index / Chronic illnesses / Diet / Endocrine therapy / Exercise / Hormone therapy / Intervention / Lifestyles / Mens health / Metabolic syndrome / Mobility / Muscle strength / Obesity / Older people / Overweight / Physical fitness / Prostate cancer / Sarcopenia / Weight control