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Sex-related differences in muscular factors previously identified in the literature as potentially associated with hamstring strain injury in professional football players
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Sex-related differences in muscular factors previously identified in the literature as potentially associated with hamstring strain injury in professional football players
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Journal Article
Sex-related differences in muscular factors previously identified in the literature as potentially associated with hamstring strain injury in professional football players
2023
Overview
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess if differences in hamstring strength, hamstring-to-quadriceps (H:Q) strength ratio, and biceps femoris long head (BF
LH
) fascicle length exist between male and female professional football (soccer) players.
Methods
One-hundred professional footballers participated in this cross-sectional study: 50 men and 50 women. Ultrasound images of BF
LH
muscle and isokinetic dynamometry tests were performed.
Results
Men were stronger than women for hamstring concentric (2.01 ± 0.21 Nm/kg
vs.
1.55 ± 0.23 Nm/kg;
p
< 0.001; large effect size, 2.08) and eccentric (2.87 ± 0.45 Nm/kg vs. 2.39 ± 0.32 Nm/kg;
p
< 0.001; large effect size, 1.23) peak torques. There was no sex-related difference for H:Q conventional ratio (concentric/concentric; 0.55 ± 0.06
vs.
0.55 ± 0.07); but women presented greater H:Q functional ratio (eccentric/concentric; 0.78 ± 0.12
vs.
0.85 ± 0.09;
p
= 0.003; moderate effect size, 0.66). Men and women presented similar BF
LH
fascicle length: 0.24 ± 0.05
vs.
0.23 ± 0.05 (values normalized by muscle length).
Conclusions
Among the muscular factors assessed in this study, men presented stronger hamstring muscles, women presented greater H:Q functional ratio, and there was no sex-related differences for H:Q conventional ratio or BF
LH
fascicle length.
Publisher
Springer Milan,Springer Nature B.V
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