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Propriété et crédit en Europe post-socialiste: les expériences hongroise et tchèque (1989-1998)
by
MAGNIN, Éric
in
Réformes structurelles et transformations systémiques
1999
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Propriété et crédit en Europe post-socialiste: les expériences hongroise et tchèque (1989-1998)
by
MAGNIN, Éric
in
Réformes structurelles et transformations systémiques
1999
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Propriété et crédit en Europe post-socialiste: les expériences hongroise et tchèque (1989-1998)
Journal Article
Propriété et crédit en Europe post-socialiste: les expériences hongroise et tchèque (1989-1998)
1999
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Overview
Les programmes de privatisation hongrois et tchèque engagés au début des années 1990 ont conduit à la formation de relations de propriété entre banques, entreprises et État. Cette structure de détention du capital ne semble pas avoir favorisé une allocation efficace du crédit, ni permis de soutenir durablement investissement dans le contexte institutionnel post-socialiste. Face à l'augmentation des prêts improductifs, les deux pays ont réagi de façon comparable. La Hongrie a procédé à une restructuration financière des banques et des entreprises en 1993-94 qui a ouvert la voie à leur privatisation entre 1995 et 1997. La République tchèque a entamé en 1997 une réforme de ses institutions financières et la privatisation de ses principales banques. Dans les deux cas, ces mesures modifient l'appropriation du capital connue jusque-là, en désenchevêtrant les relations de propriété banque-État-industrie, et incitent les banques à une gestion plus prudente. Toutefois, les expériences hongroise et tchèque semblent indiquer que la propriété n'est pas le seul déterminant d'une distribution efficace du crédit. The Hungarian and Czech privatization programs launched in the early 1990s involved banks, firms and the state as owners. This share-holding structure apparently did not lead to an efficient allocation of credit; nor did it provide lasting support for investment in the post-Communist institutional context. Given the increase in nonperforming loans, these two countries have reacted alike. Hungary financially restructured banks and firms in 1993-1994, and thus opened the way to their privatization in 1995-1997. In 1997, the Czech Republic started reforming its financial institutions and privatizing major banks. In both cases, these measures have modified the structure of capital and share-holding by \"sorting out\" the property relations between banks, state and industries and by making banks adopt a more prudent loan management practice. However, these two experiences seem to suggest that ownership is not the only determinant of an efficient allocation of credit.
Publisher
CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE,Paris : Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,PERSÉE : Université de Lyon, CNRS & ENS de Lyon,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
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