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Exogenous calcium mitigates heat stress effects in common bean: a coordinated impact of photoprotection of PSII, up-regulating antioxidants, and carbohydrate metabolism
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Exogenous calcium mitigates heat stress effects in common bean: a coordinated impact of photoprotection of PSII, up-regulating antioxidants, and carbohydrate metabolism
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Journal Article
Exogenous calcium mitigates heat stress effects in common bean: a coordinated impact of photoprotection of PSII, up-regulating antioxidants, and carbohydrate metabolism
2020
Overview
Calcium (Ca
2+
) is involved in mediating anti-stress responses in plants through one or combination of biochemical processes. Thus, the major objective of present study was to assess the protective effect of exogenous Ca
2+
(0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mM) on photosynthetic machinery of cv. Jaguar and SER-16 under heat stress (HS 25–45 °C for 48 h). The applied HS (45 °C) caused substantial reduction in net photosynthetic rate (
P
n 73%), photosystem II quantum yield (
Φ
II 24%), linear electron flow (LEF 13%), and SPAD values (27%) with imbalancing of sugars metabolism and redox potential. At heat stress (40 °C), plants of both cultivars tried to acclimate by regulating leaf temperature through increased stomatal conductance (
g
s
36%), transpiration rate (
E
60%) and by increase in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ 19%). In addition, Ca
2+
pre-treatment protected the membrane from oxidative damage by up-regulating the enzymatic activities and down-regulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and electrolyte leakage in plant leaf tissues. Pre-treatment with Ca
2+
enhanced the accumulation of sugars (glucose, fructose, inositol, and raffinose) in both heat stressed bean plants (45 °C). In conclusion, cv. Jaguar had greater tolerance to HS than SER-16, which is associated with Ca
2+
-induced photo-protective effect on PSII, the balance between LEF and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation with concomitant up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes, and increase in compatible solutes. Based on changes in physiological attributes, it is speculated that Ca
2+
application might have mediated thermo-tolerance in plants via Ca
2+
-sensing and signaling pathway, which needs to be verified through molecular studies.
