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Neoproterozoic magmatic accretion and Pan-African reworking-differentiation of mafic crust derived from an enriched mantle: evidences from structural analysis, petrology and geochemistry of the Ketté gold district (Eastern Cameroon)
by
Benoit, Mathieu
, Azefack Mbounou, Rodolph Loïque
, Ngassam Mbianya, Ghislain
, Ganno, Sylvestre
, Gregoire, Michel
, Ngnotue, Timoleon
, Vanderhaeghe, Olivier
, Takodjou Wambo, Jonas Didero
in
crust-derived melts
/ eastern cameroon
/ enriched mantle
/ migmatite
/ pan-african orogeny
/ partial melting
/ Sciences of the Universe
2026
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Neoproterozoic magmatic accretion and Pan-African reworking-differentiation of mafic crust derived from an enriched mantle: evidences from structural analysis, petrology and geochemistry of the Ketté gold district (Eastern Cameroon)
by
Benoit, Mathieu
, Azefack Mbounou, Rodolph Loïque
, Ngassam Mbianya, Ghislain
, Ganno, Sylvestre
, Gregoire, Michel
, Ngnotue, Timoleon
, Vanderhaeghe, Olivier
, Takodjou Wambo, Jonas Didero
in
crust-derived melts
/ eastern cameroon
/ enriched mantle
/ migmatite
/ pan-african orogeny
/ partial melting
/ Sciences of the Universe
2026
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Neoproterozoic magmatic accretion and Pan-African reworking-differentiation of mafic crust derived from an enriched mantle: evidences from structural analysis, petrology and geochemistry of the Ketté gold district (Eastern Cameroon)
by
Benoit, Mathieu
, Azefack Mbounou, Rodolph Loïque
, Ngassam Mbianya, Ghislain
, Ganno, Sylvestre
, Gregoire, Michel
, Ngnotue, Timoleon
, Vanderhaeghe, Olivier
, Takodjou Wambo, Jonas Didero
in
crust-derived melts
/ eastern cameroon
/ enriched mantle
/ migmatite
/ pan-african orogeny
/ partial melting
/ Sciences of the Universe
2026
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Neoproterozoic magmatic accretion and Pan-African reworking-differentiation of mafic crust derived from an enriched mantle: evidences from structural analysis, petrology and geochemistry of the Ketté gold district (Eastern Cameroon)
Journal Article
Neoproterozoic magmatic accretion and Pan-African reworking-differentiation of mafic crust derived from an enriched mantle: evidences from structural analysis, petrology and geochemistry of the Ketté gold district (Eastern Cameroon)
2026
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Overview
The gold-rich Ketté formations belong to the Adamawa-Yadé block of the Neoproterozoic Central Africa Orogenic Belt. They consist of a complex association of tonalite, granodiorite, and heterogeneous granite including rafts of metapyroxenite, amphibolite, paragneiss and migmatite. Metapyroxenite and amphibolite are metaluminous (A/CNK: 0.65–0.95), calc-alkaline, enriched in LILE and LREE, with εNd 610 < 0 and T DM ages of 1.7 Ga, highlighting their enriched mantle source. Paragneiss are rich in LREE, Cr, V, Sc and Ni and display A/CNK (1.06–1.08) and A/NK (1.5–3.49) ratios consistent with a sedimentary protolith made of poorly sorted greywackes and litharenites with a contribution from mafic rocks of the juvenile crust. Granitoids display a variety of signatures, ranging from metaluminous to peraluminous (A/CNK: 0.94–1.04), calc-alkaline to alkaline. The heterogeneous granite in diffuse contact with migmatite have εNd 654 values of –9.61 and –8.11, and are interpreted to reflect local magma collection within the zone of dominant partial melting of the paragneiss. The tonalite and granodiorite, characterized by magmatic textures, display Mg# of 39.9–48.8, low HFSE contents, and enrichment in LILE and LREE. They were likely formed by the fractional crystallisation of a dioritic magma derived from the partial melting of amphibolite. The main structure of the migmatite is a shallow- to moderately dipping NE–SW trending syn-migmatitic foliation S mgm , marked by alternating leucosome and mesosome layers, with relics of an S 0 /S 1 foliation locally preserved within the mesosome. Granulite-facies relics with a peak at 8–10 kbar/≥800 °C are preserved in metapyroxenite. Networks of texturally continuous leucosome veins concordant to discordant to the syn-migmatitic foliation, localization of granitic veins in shear zones and fold axial planes, attest for deformation in the presence of melt. Granitoids form kilometre-scale plutons with gently dipping magmatic fabrics (S m -S m /C 2 ) concordant to the syn-migmatitic foliation. These fabrics are transposed into a steeply dipping (47°–74°) E–W to NW–SE trending mylonitic fabric (S myl -S 3 /C 3 ), bearing a moderately plunging (15°–49°) stretching lineation L 3 , marking the folded Mama Shear Zone (MaSZ). These data indicate that the Ketté region has recorded magmatic accretion of a mafic crust originating from an enriched mantle source. This crust and its associated sediments were subsequently tectonically thickened during the Pan-African orogeny and affected by partial melting. Migration of dioritic to granitic magmas from the partially molten orogenic root led to syntectonic crustal differentiation. Les formations aurifères de Ketté, dans le bloc Adamawa-Yadé de la Ceinture Orogénique d'Afrique Centrale, sont constituées d'une association complexe de tonalite, granodiorite et granites hétérogènes, renfermant des enclaves de metapyroxénite, d'amphibolite, de paragneiss et de migmatite. Les metapyroxénites et amphibolites sont métalumineuses, enrichies en LILE et LREE, avec des valeurs εNd 610 < 0 et des âges modèles T DM de 1.7 Ga, indiquant une source mantellique enrichie. Les paragneiss sont riches en LREE, Cr, Sc et Ni et présentent des rapports A/CNK et A/NK caractéristiques de protolithes riches en greywackes et litharénites, avec une contribution de roches mafiques issues de la croûte juvénile. Les granitoïdes ont des signatures métalumineuses à peralumineuses, calco-alcalines à alcalines. Les granites hétérogènes présentent des contacts diffus avec les migmatites, des valeurs εNd 654 de −9.61 et −8.11, et reflètent une accumulation locale de magma au sein de zones de fusion partielle dominante des paragneiss. Les tonalites et granodiorites présentent des textures magmatiques, des valeurs Mg# de 39.9–48.8, de faibles teneurs en HFSE et des enrichissements en LILE et LREE. Elles résulteraient de la cristallisation fractionnée d'un magma dioritique issu de la fusion partielle des amphibolites. Les migmatites présentent une foliation syn-migmatitique S mgm orientée NE-SW, à pendage faible à modéré, marquée par l'alternance leucosomes-mésosomes, avec des reliques de la foliation S 0 /S 1 localement préservées. Des reliques du faciès granulitique témoin d'un pic métamorphique à 8–10 kbar/≥800 °C sont conservées dans les metapyroxénites. Les réseaux continus de leucosome, concordants à discordants à la foliation syn-migmatitique, ainsi que la localisation des veines granitiques dans des zones de cisaillement et dans les axes des plis, témoignent d'une déformation en présence de magma. Les plutons kilométriques de granitoïdes présentent des fabriques magmatiques (S m -S m /C 2 ) à faible pendage, concordantes avec la foliation syn-migmatitique. Ces fabriques sont transposées en des fabriques mylonitiques (S myl -S 3 /C 3 ) orientées E-W à NW-SE à fort pendage (47°–74°), portant une linéation d'étirement Le 3 à plongement modéré (15°–49°), dans la zone de cisaillement plissée de Mama. Ces données indiquent que le socle de Ketté a enregistré l'accrétion d'une croute mafique dérivée de la fusion du manteau enrichi. Cette croûte et les sédiments y associés ont ensuite été tectoniquement épaissis durant l'orogénèse Pan-Africaine, favorisant la fusion partielle. La migration de magmas de composition dioritique à granitique issus de la racine orogénique partiellement fondue a conduit à une différenciation crustale syntectonique.
Publisher
Société géologique de France - EDP Sciences,EDP Sciences
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