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Thielaviopsis paradoxa and cultivable mycobiota associated with carapace of Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the state of Alagoas, Brazil
Thielaviopsis paradoxa and cultivable mycobiota associated with carapace of Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the state of Alagoas, Brazil
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Thielaviopsis paradoxa and cultivable mycobiota associated with carapace of Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the state of Alagoas, Brazil
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Thielaviopsis paradoxa and cultivable mycobiota associated with carapace of Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the state of Alagoas, Brazil
Thielaviopsis paradoxa and cultivable mycobiota associated with carapace of Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the state of Alagoas, Brazil

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Thielaviopsis paradoxa and cultivable mycobiota associated with carapace of Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the state of Alagoas, Brazil
Thielaviopsis paradoxa and cultivable mycobiota associated with carapace of Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the state of Alagoas, Brazil
Journal Article

Thielaviopsis paradoxa and cultivable mycobiota associated with carapace of Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the state of Alagoas, Brazil

2024
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Overview
Abstract Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a significant agricultural pest in palm plantations across tropical America, playing a critical role as a vector of the fungus Thielaviopsis paradoxa, which is the causative agent of stem bleeding disease in coconut palms. This disease has raised concerns due to its rapid spread and subsequent reduction in coconut production in northeastern Brazil. Additionally, this insect can establish mutualistic interactions with various fungi, including saprophytic, phytopathogenic, and entomopathogenic fungi, underscoring the importance of identifying its external mycobiota. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of T. paradoxa in the digestive tract and identify the cultivable mycobiota associated with the carapace of R. palmarum. To achieve this, a mycological study was conducted by culturing the external surface and digestive tract of field-caught adult insects (10 males and 10 females) on potato dextrose agar (PDA) in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. Fungal identification was performed by correlating microscopic features with the macroscopic characteristics of the obtained colonies. The results showed that T. paradoxa was detected in 15.0% of carapace isolates but was not found in the insects' intestinal tract. Additionally, nine fungal genera frequently associated with saprophytic or phytopathogenic behaviors were identified on the carapace. Eight of these genera belong to the Ascomycota phylum, while one is classified in the Basidiomycota phylum. The ubiquitous presence of Paecilomyces spp. and the occurrence of Trichosporon spp. in 95% of the assessed insects stand out. Furthermore, other potentially phytopathogenic fungi such as Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., and Aspergillus spp., as well as fungi with entomopathogenic potential like Paecilomyces spp., Trichoderma spp., Metarhizium spp., and Beauveria bassiana, were detected. These findings enhance the understanding of the complex interactions between R. palmarum and its fungal hosts, providing insights for integrated pest management strategies. Resumo Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) é uma praga agrícola de plantações de palmeiras na América tropical, apresentando grande importância por ser vetor do fungo Thielaviopsis paradoxa, agente causal da doença de sangramento do tronco (resinose) em coqueiros, que tem causado grande preocupação devido à sua rápida disseminação e consequente redução na produção de coco no nordeste do Brasil. Além disso, este inseto pode apresentar interações mutualísticas com diferentes fungos, incluindo fungos saprofíticos, fitopatógenos e entomopatógenos, destacando a importância de identificar sua micobiota externa. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a presença de T. paradoxa no trato digestivo e identificar a micobiota cultivável associada à carapaça de R. palmarum. Para isso, um estudo micológico foi realizado através de cultivo em ágar batata dextrose (APD) da parte externa e do trato digestivo de insetos adultos capturados em campo (10 machos e 10 fêmeas) na cidade de Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil. A identificação dos fungos foi realizada associando os aspectos microscópicos às características macroscópicas das colônias obtidas. Os resultados revelaram que T. paradoxa foi detectado em 15,0% dos isolados da carapaça, mas não foi encontrado no trato intestinal dos insetos. Além disso, foram identificados na carapaça nove gêneros fúngicos frequentemente associados a comportamentos saprófitos ou fitopatogênicos. Oito desses gêneros pertencem ao filo Ascomycota, enquanto um é classificado no filo Basidiomycota. Destaca-se a presença ubíqua de Paecilomyces spp. e a ocorrência de Trichosporon spp. em 95% dos insetos avaliados. Adicionalmente, outros fungos potencialmente fitopatogênicos, como Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp. e Aspergillus spp., e fungos com potencial entomopatogênico, como Paecilomyces spp., Trichoderma spp., Metarhizium spp. e Beauveria bassiana, foram detectados. Essas descobertas ampliam a compreensão das complexas interações entre R. palmarum e seus fungos hospedeiros, fornecendo informações para estratégias de manejo integrado de pragas.
Publisher
Instituto Internacional de Ecologia