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Continental-root control on the genesis of magmatic ore deposits
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Journal Article
Continental-root control on the genesis of magmatic ore deposits
2013
Overview
Some giant ore deposits are formed from magma, but the precise controls on their formation are unclear. A Perspective article analyses the distribution of some diamond, platinum-group element and gold deposits worldwide, and suggests that the structure and composition of sub-continental lithospheric mantle could play a role in ore genesis.
Giant magma-related ore systems are prime targets for modern mineral exploration, yet it is unclear what controls their formation. The magmas originate in Earth's convecting mantle. To reach the surface, they must pass through the stagnant sub-continental lithospheric mantle, but the role of this mantle in ore genesis is vigorously debated. In one view, the ascending magmas are already metal-rich and the sub-continental lithospheric mantle acts only as a passive, buoyant raft on which the continental crust — the final store for the ore deposits — rides. Here we argue that the sub-continental lithospheric mantle may actually contain ore-forming elements that could be entrained by ascending magmas, and that it therefore plays a significant role in the genesis of magmatic ore. Specifically, we suggest that some types of magma pick up ore-forming components, such as diamonds and gold, and possibly platinum-group elements, during their passage through the mantle lithosphere, and that the three-dimensional structure of the lithosphere helps to focus deposition of the ore. We therefore suggest that models for ore genesis and exploration need to incorporate the entire lithosphere to be effective.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
