Journal Article

Morphometry of Tidal Meander Cutoffs Indicates Similarity to Fluvial Morphodynamics

D’Alpaos, A., Parker, G., Wang, Y. P., Gao, C., Lazarus, E. D., Gao, P., Finotello, A., Ielpi, A., Rinaldo, A., Tognin, D., Ghinassi, M.

2024

Overview

Sinuous channels wandering through coastal wetlands have been thought to lack lateral‐migration features like meander cutoffs and oxbows, spurring the broad interpretation that tidal and fluvial meanders differ morphodynamically. Motivated by recent work showing similarities in planform dynamics between tidal and fluvial meandering channels, we analyzed meander neck cutoffs from diverse tidal and fluvial environments worldwide, and show that tidal cutoffs are widespread. Their perceived paucity stems from pronounced channel density and hydrological connectivity in coastal wetlands, comparatively small size of most tidal channels, and typically dense vegetation cover. Although these factors do not efface tidal meander cutoffs, they collectively inhibit oxbow formation and make tidal cutoffs ephemeral features that can escape detection. We argue that similar morphodynamic processes drive cutoff formation in tidal and fluvial landscapes, with differences arising only during post‐cutoff evolution. Such process similarity has important implications for understanding coastal wetland ecomorphodynamics and predicting their long‐term evolution. Plain Language Summary The sinuous channels that wander through tidal coastal wetlands look like meandering rivers. However, features of alluvial floodplains that indicate active river meandering over time, such as oxbow lakes and meander cutoffs, are difficult to find in tidal settings. Their apparent absence has led researchers to infer that tidal and fluvial meanders evolve differently. We re‐examined this inference by identifying, measuring, and compiling examples of meander cutoffs from a variety of tidal coastal wetlands and fluvial floodplains worldwide. Our analysis suggests that the shapes and geometric properties of tidal and fluvial cutoffs are indeed remarkably similar. This indicates that while tidal and fluvial environments differ in many ways, they nevertheless share the same physical mechanism affecting meander morphodynamical evolution. Differences between tidal and fluvial meanders do arise after a meander is cut off. We observe that tidal meanders remain preferentially connected to the parent channel, preventing the formation of crescent‐shaped oxbow lakes and thus making tidal cutoffs more difficult to detect. Our results indicate a close similarity in meandering channel behavior across tidal and fluvial systems, which opens new opportunities for how researchers model tidal wetlands, with important implications for the effective conservation and restoration of these critical ecosystems. Key Points Tidal meander cutoffs are far more common than typically thought and share remarkable morphometric similarities with fluvial counterparts Similar mechanisms trigger cutoffs in both tidal and fluvial landscapes, with differences arising only during post‐cutoff evolution Tidal cutoffs seldom disconnect from parent channels and rarely form oxbows due to the high hydrological connectivity of tidal wetlands

• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc,Wiley
• Subject: Channels / Coastal flooding / coastal wetlands / Conservation / Current meandering / ecomorphodynamics / Evolution / Floodplains / hydrological connectivity / Lakes / Meandering / Meanders / Morphometry / neck cutoff / Oxbow lakes / Plant cover / Restoration / River meandering / River meanders / Rivers / Similarity / Tidal inlets / tidal meanders / Vegetation / Vegetation cover / Wetlands