Journal Article

Accuracy and feasibility of real-time continuous glucose monitoring in early postoperative intensive care after liver transplantation

Franekova, Janka, Beckova, Jana, Jabor, Antonin, Klonoff, David C., Indrova, Veronika, Svirlochova, Veronika, Uchytilova, Eva, Girman, Peter, Protus, Marek, Voglová Hagerf, Barbora, Haluzik, Martin, Viravova, Martina, Kohn, Michael A., Mraz, Milos, Macek, Alex, Kieslichova, Eva, Nemetova, Lenka, Doleckova, Martina

2026

Overview

Adequate glucose control is an important, yet a challenging task, in the early postoperative care after liver transplantation (LTx). Potential of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in this context had not been fully explored because of concerns about sensors' precision in critical care. We initiated a trial to assess feasibility, accuracy, and benefit of CGM used in addition to standard blood glucose (BG) management. Prospective randomized trial. Patients undergoing LTx were included and randomized to wearing (1) unblinded (\"active\") CGM which could help guiding insulin therapy, (2) blinded CGM serving as controls. Dexcom G6 was applied immediately after surgery, arterial BG values measured with blood gas analyzer served as reference and for calibration. We evaluated mean absolute relative difference (MARD), Diabetes Technology Society (DTS) Error Grid zones, bias, 15/15 agreement rate, evolvement of accuracy over time, and possible interfering factors. Fisher test, Mann-Whitney test, DTS software, and linear mixed model were used for statistical analysis. We included 155 LTx recipients, 13 were excluded (1 died during surgery, 12 experienced sensor failure-6 from each group), data from 142 patients (80 in active and 62 in blinded CGM group) were analyzed. Overall, MARD was 9.1% in active and 10.7% in the blinded group (  < 0.0001). DTS error grid in active group had shown 90% in zone A versus 85.3% in the blinded group. These results were consistent for reference glucose ranges 3.9-10 mmol/L and above 10 mmol/L, with less precision in the low ranges (these values were however rare). Sensor accuracy peaked on days 2-3 and deteriorated over time with significant worsening from day 7 on in both groups. Our study demonstrates feasibility and acceptable accuracy of CGM comparable to reports from the outpatient care. We believe this could be attributed to sensor calibration, reflected by more favorable outcomes in the active CGM group. In addition, we demonstrate decline in accuracy over time, suggesting their use in critical care could be limited to less days to secure sufficient reliability. This study is part of an ongoing prospective trial registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05585801) and was registered on October 12, 2022.

• Publisher: SAGE Publishing