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Lorentzian Structure and Curvature Analysis of Osculating Type-2 Ruled Surfaces via the Type-2 Bishop Frame
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Lorentzian Structure and Curvature Analysis of Osculating Type-2 Ruled Surfaces via the Type-2 Bishop Frame
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Journal Article
Lorentzian Structure and Curvature Analysis of Osculating Type-2 Ruled Surfaces via the Type-2 Bishop Frame
2025
Overview
This study investigates the geometry of osculating type-2 ruled surfaces in Minkowski 3-space E13, formulated through the Type-2 Bishop frame associated with a spacelike curve whose principal normal is timelike and binormal is spacelike. Using the hyperbolic transformation linking the Frenet–Serret and Bishop frames, we analyze how the Bishop curvatures ζ1 and ζ2 affect the geometric behavior and formation of such surfaces. Explicit criteria are derived for cylindrical, developable, and minimal configurations, together with analytical expressions for Gaussian and mean curvatures. We also determine the conditions under which the base curve behaves as a geodesic, asymptotic line, or line of curvature. Several illustrative examples in Minkowski 3-space are provided to visualize the geometric influence of ζ1 and ζ2 on flatness, minimality, and developability. Overall, the Type-2 Bishop frame offers a smooth and effective framework for characterizing Lorentzian geometry and symmetry of osculating ruled surfaces, extending classical Euclidean results to the Minkowski setting.
Publisher
MDPI AG
