Journal Article

Hairless black hole by superradiance

Wang, Peng, Guo, Guangzhou, Wang, Xinmiao, Garcia-Saenz, Sebastian

2025

Overview

A bstract We investigate the interplaying effects of black hole scalarization and superradiance in the context of the Einstein-Maxwell-scalar model, with the scalar field possessing electric charge. Restricted to spherical symmetry, our linear analysis about a Reissner-Nordström background confirms the persistence of tachyonic scalar modes upon inclusion of electric charge. However, fully nonlinear numerical simulations reveal that the system no longer evolves into a scalarized, hairy black hole state. Instead, we find that the superradiance phenomenon (specifically the electromagnetic version of the effect) causes the scalar condensate to become fully depleted through accretion into the black hole and radiation to spatial infinity. The combination of the two effects, which we refer to as “tachyonic superradiance”, may thus be seen as a particularly efficient mechanism for the extraction of energy from a black hole, exploiting both the tachyonic growth and superradiant emission. We accurately compute the amounts of energy transfer in different channels by deriving formulae for the energy fluxes of matter fields in the presence of a dynamical horizon, which are amenable for evaluation in numerical relativity calculations.

• Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer Nature B.V,SpringerOpen
• Subject: Black Holes / Classical and Quantum Gravitation / Classical Theories of Gravity / Electric charge / Elementary Particles / Energy transfer / Gravity / Linear analysis / Numerical relativity / Physics / Physics and Astronomy / Quantum Field Theories / Quantum Field Theory / Quantum Physics / Radiation / Regular Article - Theoretical Physics / Relativity / Relativity Theory / Scalars / Spontaneous emission / String Theory / Symmetry