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Accuracy of Analytic Potentials for Orbits of Satellites Around a Milky Way-like Galaxy: Comparison with N-Body Simulations
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Accuracy of Analytic Potentials for Orbits of Satellites Around a Milky Way-like Galaxy: Comparison with N-Body Simulations
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Journal Article
Accuracy of Analytic Potentials for Orbits of Satellites Around a Milky Way-like Galaxy: Comparison with N-Body Simulations
2025
Overview
To study the orbits of satellites, a galaxy can be modeled either by means of a static gravitational potential or by live N-body particles. Analytic potentials allow for fast calculations but are idealized and non-responsive. On the other hand, N-body simulations are more realistic but demand higher computational cost. Our goal is to characterize the regimes in which analytic potentials provide a sufficient approximation and those where N-bodies are necessary. We perform two sets of simulations, using both Gala and Gadget, in order to closely compare the orbital evolution of satellites around a Milky Way-like galaxy. Focusing on the periods when the satellite has not yet been severely disrupted by tidal forces, we find that the orbits of satellites up to 108M⊙ can be reliably computed with analytic potentials to within 5% error if they are circular or moderately eccentric. If the satellite is as massive as 109M⊙ then errors of 9% are to be expected. However, if the orbital radius is smaller than 30 kpc then the results may not be relied upon with the same accuracy beyond 1–2 Gyr.
Publisher
MDPI AG
