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Flux synthesis of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks
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Journal Article
Flux synthesis of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks
2024
Overview
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline porous polymers constructed from organic building blocks into ordered two- or three-dimensional networks through dynamic covalent bonds. Attributed to their high porosity, well-defined structure, tailored functionality and excellent chemical stability, COFs have been considered ideal sorbents for various separation applications. The synthesis of COFs mainly employs the solvothermal method, which usually requires organic solvents in sealed Pyrex tubes, resulting in unscalable powdery products and environmental pollution that seriously limits their practical applications. Herein, our protocol focuses on an emerging synthesis method for COFs based on organic flux synthesis without adding solvents. The generality of this synthesis protocol has been applied in preparing various types of COFs, including olefin-linked, imide-linked, Schiff-based COFs on both gram and kilogram scales. Furthermore, organic flux synthesis avoids the disadvantages of solvothermal synthesis and enhances the crystallization and porosity of COFs. Typically, COF synthesis takes 3–5 d to complete, and subsequent washing procedures leading to pure COFs need 1 d. The procedure for kilogram-scale production of COFs with commercially available monomers is also provided. The resulting COFs are suitable for separation applications, particularly as adsorbent materials for industrial gas separation and water treatment applications. The protocol is suited for users with prior expertise in the synthesis of inorganic materials and porous organic materials.
Key points
This protocol describes a flux synthesis approach for two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs).
Compared with other approaches, the method described here does not use solvents, making it environmentally friendly, and is scalable up to the kilogram scale. In addition, high-quality COF monoliths can be generated rather than powdery products, and COFs prepared by this protocol usually possess higher crystallinity and BET surface area than those prepared by traditional solvothermal methods.
This protocol describes a flux synthesis approach for two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks. Compared with other approaches, this method does not use solvents, making it environmentally friendly, and is scalable up to the kilogram scale.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic - methods
/ Computational Biology/Bioinformatics
/ Metal-Organic Frameworks - chemical synthesis
/ Metal-Organic Frameworks - chemistry
/ Organic Chemicals - chemical synthesis
/ Organic Chemicals - chemistry
/ Polymers
/ Polymers - chemical synthesis
/ Porosity
/ Protocol
/ Solvents
/ Sorbents
/ Tubes
