Asset Details
Do you wish to reserve the book?
Thyroid nodules: diagnosis and management
Hey, we have placed the reservation for you!
By the way, why not check out events that you can attend while you pick your title.
Oops! Something went wrong.
Looks like we were not able to place the reservation. Kindly try again later.
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
Thyroid nodules: diagnosis and management
Do you wish to request the book?
Thyroid nodules: diagnosis and management
Please be aware that the book you have requested cannot be checked out. If you would like to checkout this book, you can reserve another copy
We have requested the book for you!
Your request is successful and it will be processed during the Library working hours. Please check the status of your request in My Requests.
Oops! Something went wrong.
Looks like we were not able to place your request. Kindly try again later.
Journal Article
Thyroid nodules: diagnosis and management
2024
Overview
Thyroid nodules, with a prevalence of almost 25% in the general population, are a common occurrence. Their prevalence varies considerably depending on demographics such as age and sex as well as the presence of risk factors. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the prevalence, risk stratification and current management strategies for thyroid nodules, with a particular focus on changes in diagnostic and therapeutic protocols that have occurred over the past 10 years. Several sonography-based stratification systems (such as Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (TIRADS)) might help to predict the malignancy risk of nodules, potentially eliminating the need for biopsy in many instances. However, large or suspicious nodules necessitate cytological evaluation following fine-needle aspiration biopsy for accurate classification. In the case of cytology yielding indeterminate results, additional tools, such as molecular testing, can assist in guiding the management plan. Surgery is no longer the only treatment for symptomatic or malignant nodules: active surveillance or local ablative treatments might be beneficial for appropriately selected patients. To enhance clinician–patient interactions and discussions about diagnostic options, shared decision-making tools have been developed. A personalized, risk-based protocol promotes high-quality care while minimizing costs and unnecessary testing.
Thyroid nodules are common; the majority are benign and asymptomatic, and therefore the main aim of the diagnostic process is to determine their clinical significance without leading to overdiagnosis and, consequently, overtreatment, as outlined in this article.
Key points
Thyroid nodules are a common occurrence, with a prevalence of ~25% in the general population that varies widely according to age, sex and risk factors.
The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends against screening for thyroid cancer in the general, asymptomatic adult population, as such screening would result in harms that outweigh potential benefits.
If a thyroid nodule is suspected, the first step is to perform dedicated ultrasonography; ultrasonography risk stratification systems can classify and estimate the likelihood of malignancy of a nodule.
If the need for further assessment is confirmed, a fine-needle aspiration biopsy is often performed; cytology results are usually classified according to a standard cytology reporting system.
At the end of the initial diagnosis and risk stratification procedure, over 90% of nodules are found to be benign and asymptomatic; the patients are euthyroid and require no specific treatment.
Preservation of thyroid function is of paramount importance; several non-surgical and minimally invasive techniques are available but, if surgery is needed, the minimal possible extent should be chosen.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
