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Effect of Cadmium on Gemmation and Rhizogenesis in Karelian Birch
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Effect of Cadmium on Gemmation and Rhizogenesis in Karelian Birch
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Journal Article
Effect of Cadmium on Gemmation and Rhizogenesis in Karelian Birch
2022
Overview
The effect of cadmium ions (10
−6
–10
−3
М) on gemmation (formation of buds and subsequent development of axillary shoots out of them) and rhizogenesis (formation of adventitious roots in the basal part of shoots) was separately investigated in in vitro shoot culture of Karelian birch
Betula pendula
Roth var.
carelica
(Mercklin) Hamet-Ahti produced from apical meristem of vegetative buds. It was shown that the metal present in the nutrient medium brought about not only its accumulation in the growing shoots but also suppressed gemmation and rhizogenesis with the extent of this inhibition depending on metal concentration. At the same time, the experiments revealed a moderate stimulatory effect of cadmium at low concentrations (10
–6
М) on gemmation and lack of stimulation in respect to rhizogenesis. Elevating the metal concentration in the nutrient medium to 10
–5
М was accompanied by suppression of shoot growth but without disturbance of setting and formation of new organs. Simultaneously, certain disorders in the operation of the photosynthetic apparatus were revealed, namely, a reduction in the rate of СО
2
assimilation and a decrease in the content of photosynthetic pigments. In addition, introduction of cadmium to the nutrient medium considerably affected fatty acid lipid composition in the shoots and activity of acyl-lipid desaturases. In particular, when metal concentration increased from 10
−6
to 10
−4
М, total content of saturated FA rose, although a decrease in the indices of stearoyl- (SDR), oleoyl- (ODR), and linoleoyl- (LDR) desaturase ratios was observed only at cadmium concentration of 10
–4
М. The obtained data suggest that protective mechanisms ensuring gemmation are much more efficient than the mechanisms responsible for rhizogenesis. On the whole, a universal response to cadmium in tissue culture, in vitro organs, and intact plants makes it possible to conclude that tissue culture is a convenient instrument for dealing with many aspects of metal resistance of woody plants.
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