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Organic plant nutrients in combination with inorganic sources of nutrients influence the productivity, quality, soil microbes, and nutrient use efficiency of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)
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Organic plant nutrients in combination with inorganic sources of nutrients influence the productivity, quality, soil microbes, and nutrient use efficiency of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)
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Journal Article
Organic plant nutrients in combination with inorganic sources of nutrients influence the productivity, quality, soil microbes, and nutrient use efficiency of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)
2025
Overview
Sustainable bitter gourd production requires optimising the combined organic and inorganic nutrient management. Hence, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of combined organic and inorganic nutrient amendments on bitter gourd productivity, quality, nutrient use efficiency, soil microbial activity, soil health, and profitability. Treatments were T
: control, T
: recommended dose of inorganic N-P-K-S-Zn-B at 120-40-85-20-3-2 kg · ha
, T
: 5 t · ha
vermicompost (VC) + 50% of NPKSZnB, T
: 2.5 t · ha
poultry manure (PM) + 50% of NPKSZnB, T
: 5 t · ha
VC + 75% of NPKSZnB, T
: 2.5 t · ha
PM + 75% of NPKSZnB, T
: 5 t · ha
cow dung (CD) + 75% of NPKSZnB, T
: 5 t · ha
VC + 5 t · ha
CD + 50% of NPKSZnB, and T
: 5 t · ha
VC + 5 t · ha
CD + 25% of NPKSZnB. Integrating 5 t · ha
VC + 5 t · ha
CD with 50% of NPKSZnB fertiliser (T
) significantly boosted the bitter gourd fresh fruit yield (13.1 t · ha
), a 192% higher over control, with larger fruits, higher fruit count, and greater vine length. Treatment T
also excelled in vitamin C (77.6 mg · 100 g
), β-carotene (122 mcg · 100 g
), protein (18.1%), moisture content (93.4%), and total soluble solids (4.0°Brix), alongside enhanced nutrient uptake, soil health, robust microbial populations, and economic returns (4552 US$ · ha
). Treatment T
exhibited the highest agronomic and removal efficiencies for key nutrients. Therefore, combined application of 5 t · ha
VC + 5 t · ha
CD with 50% of NPKSZnB fertiliser offer a promising approach for sustainable bitter gourd production. This method not only boosts yield and quality but also improves soil health and minimises environmental risks through reducing chemical fertiliser use.
