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Neoproterozoic (Torridonian) alluvial fan succession, northwest Scotland, and its tectonic setting and provenance
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Neoproterozoic (Torridonian) alluvial fan succession, northwest Scotland, and its tectonic setting and provenance
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Journal Article
Neoproterozoic (Torridonian) alluvial fan succession, northwest Scotland, and its tectonic setting and provenance
2001
Overview
The presence of alluvial fan deposits in the lower Neoproterozoic Torridon Group in north-west
Scotland illuminates Torridonian basin development at the eastern Laurentian margin. The
450 m thick Cape Wrath Member of the Applecross Formation consists of alluvial fan conglomerate
and arkose succeeded by more distal, braidplain feldspathic sandstone. Palaeocurrent data comprising
> 2650 measurements on trough cross-bedding are of low variability and show overall eastward flow.
The projection upcurrent of regionally divergent flow directions for the lower part of the member
indicates a fan of c. 50 km radius with its apex 30 km to the west near a basement (pre-Caledonian)
normal fault with downthrow to the east beneath the north Minch Basin. Extensional tectonics controlled
deposition of the Applecross Formation. Regional uplift, causing erosion of a youthful topography
on the Lewisian Gneiss, was followed by the development of the Applecross extensional basin in
two main stages. Uplift of a western source area by movement on basin-bounding normal faults
occurred first in the north and caused pediplanation and alluvial fan deposition in the Cape Wrath
area, with subsequent uplift of the source area for the main body of the Applecross Formation occurring
further to the west and south along the line of the Minch Fault. The bulk of the Applecross
Formation was derived from a weathered terrain of felsic crystalline and related supracrustal rocks
reaching from the Outer Hebrides region westward for up to c. 250 km onto what are now the continental
margins of the North Atlantic. The tectonic events may mark an early phase in the crustal
extension that led ultimately to the opening of the Iapetus ocean.
