Journal Article

Analysis of Large Language Models for Company Annual Reports Based on Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Hanne, Thomas, Daniel, Chaissy, Puthuparambil, Bennet, Mokashi, Abhijit

2025

Overview

Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT-4 and Gemini 1.0 demonstrate significant text generation capabilities but often struggle with outdated knowledge, domain specificity, and hallucinations. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers a promising solution by integrating external knowledge sources to produce more accurate and informed responses. This research investigates RAG’s effectiveness in enhancing LLM performance for financial report analysis. We examine how RAG and the specific prompt design improve the provision of qualitative and quantitative financial information in terms of accuracy, relevance, and verifiability. Employing a design science research approach, we compare ChatGPT-4 responses before and after RAG integration, using annual reports from ten selected technology companies. Our findings demonstrate that RAG improves the relevance and verifiability of LLM outputs (by 0.66 and 0.71, respectively, on a scale from 1 to 5), while also reducing irrelevant or incorrect answers. Prompt specificity is shown to critically impact response quality. This study indicates RAG’s potential to mitigate LLM biases and inaccuracies, offering a practical solution for generating reliable and contextually rich financial insights.

• Publisher: MDPI AG
• Subject: annual reports / Artificial intelligence / Chatbots / financial analysis / High technology industry / Impact response / Information retrieval / Knowledge management / Large language models / Natural language processing / Retrieval augmented generation / Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)