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Carbonic Anhydrase Expression and Synthesis in the Sea Anemone Anthopleura elegantissima Are Enhanced by the Presence of Dinoflagellate Symbionts
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Carbonic Anhydrase Expression and Synthesis in the Sea Anemone Anthopleura elegantissima Are Enhanced by the Presence of Dinoflagellate Symbionts
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Carbonic Anhydrase Expression and Synthesis in the Sea Anemone Anthopleura elegantissima Are Enhanced by the Presence of Dinoflagellate Symbionts
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Journal Article
Carbonic Anhydrase Expression and Synthesis in the Sea Anemone Anthopleura elegantissima Are Enhanced by the Presence of Dinoflagellate Symbionts
1999
Overview
Endosymbiotic dinoflagellates resident within cnidarian hosts are
extremely productive primary producers. This high productivity may be due
in part to an inorganic carbon transport system, present in host tissue,
that accelerates carbon delivery to the algae. The enzyme carbonic
anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1) has been shown to be important in this transport
system in a variety of tropical symbiotic cnidarians. This study extends
the examination of CA to a temperate anemone, Anthopleura
elegantissima, and documents symbiosis-enhanced production of
CA at the biochemical and molecular level. Depending on light availability,
A. elegantissima can occur naturally with (symbiotic) or
without (aposymbiotic) dinoflagellates, making it an ideal study
organism for symbiosis-enhanced gene expression. We compared (1) CA
activities, (2) quantities of CA using an anti-human CA immunoprobe,
and (3) quantities of transcript using a semiquantitative PCR in symbiotic
versus aposymbiotic A. elegantissima host tissue. Amounts of
activity, enzyme, and transcript were greatly enhanced in symbiotic animals
compared with aposymbiotic animals. This is the first direct evidence that
the presence of symbionts affects the expression of a host cnidarian gene.
In addition, we report a full-length A. elegantissima
CA cDNA sequence, obtained from subcloned reverse transcriptase-PCR
products, and its relatedness to α-CAs from a variety of other
metazoa, including higher vertebrates.
Publisher
The University of Chicago Press
