Journal Article

Stable Carbon Isotope Signature of Methane Released From Phytoplankton

Geisinger, H., Wieland, A., Langer, G., Klintzsch, T., Keppler, F., Borsch, C., Lenhart, K., Nehrke, G., Bizic, M., Greule, M., Schroll, M.

2023

Overview

Aquatic ecosystems play an important role in global methane cycling and many field studies have reported methane supersaturation in the oxic surface mixed layer (SML) of the ocean and in the epilimnion of lakes. The origin of methane formed under oxic condition is hotly debated and several pathways have recently been offered to explain the “methane paradox.” In this context, stable isotope measurements have been applied to constrain methane sources in supersaturated oxygenated waters. Here we present stable carbon isotope signatures for six widespread marine phytoplankton species, three haptophyte algae and three cyanobacteria, incubated under laboratory conditions. The observed isotopic patterns implicate that methane formed by phytoplankton might be clearly distinguished from methane produced by methanogenic archaea. Comparing results from phytoplankton experiments with isotopic data from field measurements, suggests that algal and cyanobacterial populations may contribute substantially to methane formation observed in the SML of oceans and lakes. Plain Language Summary Methane plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry and physics as it contributes to global warming and to the destruction of ozone in the stratosphere. Knowing the sources and sinks of methane in the environment is a prerequisite for understanding the global atmospheric methane cycle but also to better predict future climate change. Measurements of the stable carbon isotope composition of carbon—the ratio between the heavy and light stable isotope of carbon—help to identify methane sources in the environment and to distinguish them from other formation processes. We identified the carbon isotope fingerprint of methane released from phytoplankton including algal and cyanobacterial species. The observed isotope signature improves our understanding of methane cycling in the surface layers of aquatic environments helping us to better estimate methane emissions to the atmosphere. Key Points Stable carbon isotope values of methane emitted from six phytoplankton cultures incubated in the laboratory Isotope fractionation between methane source signature and biomass of widespread algal and cyanobacterial species Isotopic patterns of methane released by phytoplankton may be clearly distinguished from methane formed by methanogenic archaea

• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc,Wiley
• Subject: Algae / Aquatic ecosystems / Aquatic environment / Archaea / Atmospheric chemistry / Atmospheric methane / Carbon / Carbon isotopes / Climate change / Climate prediction / Cyanobacteria / Cycles / Emissions / Epilimnion / Future climates / Global warming / Isotope composition / Lakes / Methane / Methane cycle / Methane emissions / methane paradox / Methane sources / Methanogenic archaea / Mixed layer / Oceans / Oxic conditions / Ozone / Physics / Phytoplankton / Plankton / Stable isotopes / Stratosphere / Supersaturation / Surface boundary layer / Surface layers / Surface mixed layer