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Failed predator attacks have detrimental effects on antipredatory capabilities through developmental plasticity in Pelobates cultripes toads
by
Zamora-Camacho, Francisco Javier
, Aragón, Pedro
in
across‐stage effects
/ amphibian
/ Animal behavior
/ antipredatory behavior
/ anuran
/ Biological evolution
/ biotic interactions
/ body condition
/ Conservation biology
/ Developmental plasticity
/ EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY
/ failed predation
/ Fitness
/ head
/ hindlimbs
/ Injury prevention
/ jump distance
/ Jumping
/ Locomotion
/ Metamorphosis
/ Ontogeny
/ Pelobates
/ Pelobates cultripes
/ phenotype
/ Physical fitness
/ Predation
/ Predators
/ Prey
/ Swimming
/ tadpoles
/ tail
/ Tails
/ Toads
/ wildlife management
2019
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Failed predator attacks have detrimental effects on antipredatory capabilities through developmental plasticity in Pelobates cultripes toads
by
Zamora-Camacho, Francisco Javier
, Aragón, Pedro
in
across‐stage effects
/ amphibian
/ Animal behavior
/ antipredatory behavior
/ anuran
/ Biological evolution
/ biotic interactions
/ body condition
/ Conservation biology
/ Developmental plasticity
/ EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY
/ failed predation
/ Fitness
/ head
/ hindlimbs
/ Injury prevention
/ jump distance
/ Jumping
/ Locomotion
/ Metamorphosis
/ Ontogeny
/ Pelobates
/ Pelobates cultripes
/ phenotype
/ Physical fitness
/ Predation
/ Predators
/ Prey
/ Swimming
/ tadpoles
/ tail
/ Tails
/ Toads
/ wildlife management
2019
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Failed predator attacks have detrimental effects on antipredatory capabilities through developmental plasticity in Pelobates cultripes toads
by
Zamora-Camacho, Francisco Javier
, Aragón, Pedro
in
across‐stage effects
/ amphibian
/ Animal behavior
/ antipredatory behavior
/ anuran
/ Biological evolution
/ biotic interactions
/ body condition
/ Conservation biology
/ Developmental plasticity
/ EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY
/ failed predation
/ Fitness
/ head
/ hindlimbs
/ Injury prevention
/ jump distance
/ Jumping
/ Locomotion
/ Metamorphosis
/ Ontogeny
/ Pelobates
/ Pelobates cultripes
/ phenotype
/ Physical fitness
/ Predation
/ Predators
/ Prey
/ Swimming
/ tadpoles
/ tail
/ Tails
/ Toads
/ wildlife management
2019
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Failed predator attacks have detrimental effects on antipredatory capabilities through developmental plasticity in Pelobates cultripes toads
Journal Article
Failed predator attacks have detrimental effects on antipredatory capabilities through developmental plasticity in Pelobates cultripes toads
2019
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Overview
How predation events experienced by preys can shape phenotypic traits through the ontogenetic development of the interacting species should be a key issue in Evolutionary and Conservation Biology. Locomotor performance plays a fundamental role on the fitness of many animals, mainly because it enhances ability to fleeing from predators. Predators represent indeed a capital selective force on prey, mainly because they end prey life. However, predators may also damage prey by other means, such as injuries caused by failed attacks. This damage can severely affect locomotion, among several other aspects of prey fitness. In the case of anuran tadpoles, failed predator attacks often result in injured tails, which reduces swimming performance. However, little is known about lasting effects of those failed attacks on fleeing capabilities after metamorphosis. In this work, we clipped 55% tail length of pre‐tail‐resorption stage anaesthetized larval Pelobates cultripes toads, and compared metamorph hindlimb length and jump distance with metamorphs resulting from anaesthetized and non‐anaesthetized non‐clipped controls. Previous findings showed that this treatment produced metamorphs with reduced body condition. Results herein suggest that partial tail loss in tadpoles diminishes jumping performance of resultant metamorphs. This effect is likely a consequence of tail‐clipped tadpoles developing shorter hindlimbs as metamorphs, which is parallel to their reduced body condition. Therefore, predator attacks in the tail may be less potentially mortal than those in the head and body, but have costs in terms of an efficient antipredatory response that persist in post‐metamorphic stage. This effect might compromise metamorph ability to survive subsequent predator attacks. Resumen Cómo los episodios de depredación sufridos por las presas pueden modelar sus rasgos fenotípicos a través del desarrollo ontogénico de las especies que interactúan debería ser un tema central en Biología Evolutiva y de la Conservación. El desempeño locomotor representa un papel fundamental en la eficacia biológica de muchos animales, principalmente porque mejora la capacidad de eludir los ataques de los depredadores. Sin embargo, también pueden dañar a sus presas de otras maneras, como hiriéndolas a causa de ataques fallidos. En el caso de las larvas de anuros, los ataques fallidos de depredador a menudo lesionan la cola, lo cual reduce el desempeño locomotor. Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre los posibles efectos de dichos ataques fallidos sobre la capacidad de huida después de la metamorfosis. En este trabajo, amputamos el 55% de la longitud de la cola de renacuajos anestesiados de Pelobates cultripes, justo antes de la reabsorción caudal, y comparamos la longitud de las extremidades posteriores de los metamórficos resultantes, así como la distancia de salto, con metamórficos provenientes de controles no amputados anestesiados y sin anestesiar. Estudios previos mostraron que este tratamiento produce metamórficos con menor índice de condición corporal. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la pérdida parcial de la cola en renacuajos disminuye el desempeño locomotor de los metamórficos resultantes. Este efecto es probablemente una consecuencia de la menor longitud de las extremidades posteriores en los metamórficos originados de larvas amputadas, lo que va en paralelo a su reducida condición corporal. Por tanto, los ataques de depredadores recibidos en la cola pueden ser menos mortíferos que aquellos causados en la cabeza y el cuerpo, pero tienen costes en términos de una respuesta antidepredatoria ineficiente que persisten en la fase posmetamórfica. Este efecto podría comprometer la capacidad de los metamórficos de sobrevivir a ataques subsecuentes de depredadores. A plain language summary is available for this article. Plain Language Summary
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