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Gaia-4b and 5b: Radial Velocity Confirmation of Gaia Astrometric Orbital Solutions Reveal a Massive Planet and a Brown Dwarf Orbiting Low-mass Stars

by Stefánsson, Gudmundur , Hotnisky, Andrew , Callingham, J. R , Fitzmaurice, Evan , Libby-Roberts, Jessica , Rajagopal, Jayadev , Albrecht, Simon , Zwart, Yiri , Alvarado-Montes, Jaime A , Mikulskytė, Onė , McElwain, Michael W , Marcussen, Marcus L , Wright, Jason T , Robertson, Paul , Giovinazzi, Mark R , Cañas, Caleb I , Cochran, William D , Reji, Varghese , Espinoza-Retamal, Juan I , Ninan, Joe P , Logsdon, Sarah E , Winn, Joshua N , Diddams, Scott A , Blake, Cullen H , Fernandes, Rachel B , Dong, Jiayin , Roy, Arpita , Mahadevan, Suvrath , Schwab, Christian , Halverson, Samuel , Bender, Chad F , Delamer, Megan , Kanodia, Shubham , Krolikowski, Daniel M

in Astrometry / Binary stars / Brown dwarf stars / Extrasolar planets / K stars / Low mass stars / Planetary orbits / Planets / Radial velocity / Stars

2025

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Gaia-4b and 5b: Radial Velocity Confirmation of Gaia Astrometric Orbital Solutions Reveal a Massive Planet and a Brown Dwarf Orbiting Low-mass Stars

in Astrometry / Binary stars / Brown dwarf stars / Extrasolar planets / K stars / Low mass stars / Planetary orbits / Planets / Radial velocity / Stars

2025

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Gaia-4b and 5b: Radial Velocity Confirmation of Gaia Astrometric Orbital Solutions Reveal a Massive Planet and a Brown Dwarf Orbiting Low-mass Stars

in Astrometry / Binary stars / Brown dwarf stars / Extrasolar planets / K stars / Low mass stars / Planetary orbits / Planets / Radial velocity / Stars

2025

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Journal Article

Gaia-4b and 5b: Radial Velocity Confirmation of Gaia Astrometric Orbital Solutions Reveal a Massive Planet and a Brown Dwarf Orbiting Low-mass Stars

Stefánsson, Gudmundur,

Hotnisky, Andrew,

Callingham, J. R,

Fitzmaurice, Evan,

Libby-Roberts, Jessica,

Rajagopal, Jayadev,

Albrecht, Simon,

Zwart, Yiri,

Alvarado-Montes, Jaime A,

Mikulskytė, Onė,

McElwain, Michael W,

Marcussen, Marcus L,

Wright, Jason T,

Robertson, Paul,

Giovinazzi, Mark R,

Cañas, Caleb I,

Cochran, William D,

Reji, Varghese,

Espinoza-Retamal, Juan I,

Ninan, Joe P,

Logsdon, Sarah E,

Winn, Joshua N,

Diddams, Scott A,

Blake, Cullen H,

Fernandes, Rachel B,

Dong, Jiayin,

Roy, Arpita,

Mahadevan, Suvrath,

Schwab, Christian,

Halverson, Samuel,

Bender, Chad F,

Delamer, Megan,

Kanodia, Shubham,

Krolikowski, Daniel M

2025

Overview

Gaia astrometry of nearby stars is precise enough to detect the tiny displacements induced by substellar companions, but radial velocity (RV) data are needed for definitive confirmation. Here we present RV follow-up observations of 28 M and K stars with candidate astrometric substellar companions, which led to the confirmation of two systems, Gaia-4b and Gaia-5b, identification of five systems that are single lined but require additional data to confirm as substellar companions, and the refutation of 21 systems as stellar binaries. Gaia-4b is a massive planet (M = 11.8 ± 0.7 MJ) in a P = 571.3 ± 1.4 day orbit with a projected semimajor axis a0 = 0.312 ± 0.040 mas orbiting a 0.644 ± 0.02M⊙ star. Gaia-5b is a brown dwarf (M = 20.9 ± 0.5MJ) in a P = 358.62 ± 0.20 days eccentric e = 0.6423 ± 0.0026 orbit with a projected angular semimajor axis of a0 = 0.947 ± 0.038 mas around a 0.34 ± 0.03M⊙ star. Gaia-4b is one of the first exoplanets discovered via the astrometric technique, and is one of the most massive planets known to orbit a low-mass star.

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Publisher

IOP Publishing

Subject

/ K stars