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Journal Article
Strongly correlated photons on a chip
2012
Overview
Optical nonlinearities at the single-photon level are key ingredients for future photonic quantum technologies
1
. Prime candidates for the realization of the strong photon–photon interactions necessary for implementing quantum information processing tasks
2
, as well as for studying strongly correlated photons
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
in an integrated photonic device setting, are quantum dots embedded in photonic-crystal nanocavities. Here, we report strong quantum correlations between photons on picosecond timescales. We observe (i) photon antibunching upon resonant excitation of the lowest-energy polariton state, proving that the first cavity photon blocks the subsequent injection events, and (ii) photon bunching when the laser field is in two-photon resonance with the polariton eigenstates of the second Jaynes–Cummings manifold
7
,
8
, demonstrating that two photons at this colour are more likely to be injected into the cavity jointly than they would otherwise. Together, these results demonstrate unprecedented strong single-photon nonlinearities, paving the way for the realization of a quantum optical Josephson interferometer
9
or a single-photon transistor
10
.
Researchers observe a continuous change in photon correlations from strong antibunching to bunching by tuning either the probe laser or the cavity mode frequency. These results, which demonstrate unprecedented strong single-photon nonlinearities in quantum dot cavity system, are explained by the photon blockade and tunnelling in the anharmonic Jaynes–Cummings model.
