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Prospects of Multiproduct Algal Biorefineries Involving Cascading Processing of the Biomass Employing a Zero-Waste Approach
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Journal Article
Prospects of Multiproduct Algal Biorefineries Involving Cascading Processing of the Biomass Employing a Zero-Waste Approach
2022
Overview
Purpose of Review
Increasing environmental problems demand mitigation solutions to fulfill sustainability development goals. Microalgae offer possibility of valorizing the CO
2
and wastewater-derived nutrients to produce numerous industrial bioproducts. However, developing self-sustained systems for the complete valorization of algal biomass into valuable biobased products is challenging. Currently, sustainable algal processing faces several challenges including costly cultivation, difficult harvesting, and incomplete biomass valorization. This review assessed the prospects of emerging technologies focusing on the integrated approaches for sustainable algal biorefinery development ensuring the sustainability of environment-water-energy nexus.
Recent Findings
Evaluation of various upstream, midstream, and downstream processing technologies provided insights into the processing issues. In upstream processing, high-rate algal ponds and integrated carbon capture and transformation technologies offer waste valorization into eco-friendly algal production. A brief comparison of harvesting technologies mainly focusing on chemical and biological flocculation has shown that integrating physical and biological harvesting methods are more reliable and efficient. Overview of downstream processing has indicated that biomass processing in a cascading manner offers the complete biomass valorization in a zero-waste paradigm.
Summary
Assessment of cultivation-to-production technologies highlighted that “zero-waste” algal biorefinery has the potential to become reality by integrating the industry 4.0 and phenomics approaches with eco-friendly cultivation, harvesting, and processing technologies. Hybrid methods based on integrated cascading processing offer complete biomass valorization in a circular bioeconomy paradigm.
Graphical Abstract
Publisher
Springer International Publishing,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
/ Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
/ Biology and Pollution (R Boopathy and Y Hong
/ Biomass
/ carbon
/ Earth and Environmental Science
/ Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice
/ Industrial Pollution Prevention
/ industry
/ Monitoring/Environmental Analysis
/ Refining
/ Topical Collection on Biology and Pollution
/ Upstream
