Journal Article

Spinal cord involvement in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Moïse, Martin, Moussaoui, Nisrine El, Moussaoui, Majdouline El, Lambert, Nicolas, Maquet, Pierre, Léonard, Philippe, Bianchi, Elettra

2024

Overview

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an opportunistic infectious demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by JC polyomavirus predominantly affecting immunocompromised individuals. Nowadays, HIV, hematological malignancies and iatrogenic immune suppression account for most PML cases. For unknown reasons, spinal cord is classically protected from PML lesions. Here, we report the course of a patient harboring spinal cord lesions in the context of PML with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and review the eight other cases reported in the literature so far. Then, we discuss the evolving spectrum of PML over recent years, potentially making its diagnosis more challenging.

• Publisher: Springer International Publishing,Nature Publishing Group,Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
• Subject: Antiretroviral drugs / Aphasia / Ataxia / Autopsies / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Biomedicine / Biopsy / Case Report / Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience / Central nervous system / Demyelinating diseases / Demyelination / Disease / Drug therapy / Hematology / HIV / HIV Infections / HIV Infections - complications / HIV Infections - drug therapy / HIV Infections - immunology / HIV Infections - virology / Human health sciences / Human immunodeficiency virus / Humans / Immune reconstitution / Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome - drug therapy / Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome - immunology / Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome - pathology / Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome - virology / Immunohistochemistry / Immunologie & maladie infectieuse / Immunology / Immunology & infectious disease / Infectious Diseases / Inflammation / IRIS / JC virus / JC Virus - immunology / JC Virus - pathogenicity / Lesions / Leukoencephalopathy / Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal / Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal - drug therapy / Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal - immunology / Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal - pathology / Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal - virology / Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Male / Malignancy / Maraviroc / Middle Aged / Neurologie / Neurology / Neurology (clinical) / Neurosciences / PML / Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy / Sciences de la santé humaine / Spinal Cord / Spinal Cord - diagnostic imaging / Spinal Cord - immunology / Spinal Cord - pathology / Spinal Cord - virology / Spinal cord lesions / Virology / Viruses