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Microstructure and mechanical behaviour of 316L stainless steel produced using sinter-based extrusion additive manufacturing
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Microstructure and mechanical behaviour of 316L stainless steel produced using sinter-based extrusion additive manufacturing
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Journal Article
Microstructure and mechanical behaviour of 316L stainless steel produced using sinter-based extrusion additive manufacturing
2022
Overview
Specimens were additively manufactured in 316L stainless steel (SS316L) with a technology that combines the extruding method of fused filament fabrication (FFF) with the strengthening stages of metal injection moulding (MIM). A thorough metallographic analysis and tensile testing were carried out to investigate the effect of sintering in the final microstructures, mechanical properties, and fracture modes of the manufactured material. SS316L wrought specimens were also characterised and tested for comparison. Results showed that the sinter-based technology produced a near-fully dense material with a porosity of 1.27% v/v, and a microstructure and mechanical properties comparable to the standard requirements of the UNS S31603 grade. The sintered specimens were characterised at as annealed condition, with fully austenitic microstructures, annealing twins, and sintering defects such as (1) scattered round microporosity, (2) elongated macroporosity, (3) spherical inclusions rich in Si, Mn and O —also found in the precursor powder— and (4) irregular inclusions rich in Cr, Mn and O. The average mechanical properties of the printed SS316L were Young’s modulus (E) 196 GPa, 0.2% offset yield strength (Sy) 166 MPa, tensile strength (Su) 524 MPa, elongation after fracture 85% and reduction of area 51%. Based on the findings, a mechanism is outlined explaining the departure from the typical cup-and-cone ductile fracture in the necked region observed in the printed samples.
Publisher
Springer Nature B.V
Subject
