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Efficient fault-tolerant quantum computing
by
Steane, Andrew M
in
Classical and quantum physics: mechanics and fields
/ Computer science
/ Cryptography
/ Exact sciences and technology
/ Fault tolerance (Computers)
/ Physics
/ Quantum computation
/ Quantum information
/ Quantum theory
1999
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Do you wish to request the book?
Efficient fault-tolerant quantum computing
by
Steane, Andrew M
in
Classical and quantum physics: mechanics and fields
/ Computer science
/ Cryptography
/ Exact sciences and technology
/ Fault tolerance (Computers)
/ Physics
/ Quantum computation
/ Quantum information
/ Quantum theory
1999
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Journal Article
Efficient fault-tolerant quantum computing
1999
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Overview
Quantum computing-the processing of information according
to the fundamental laws of physics-offers a means to solve efficiently
a small but significant set of classically intractable problems. Quantum computers
are based on the controlled manipulation of entangled quantum states, which
are extremely sensitive to noise and imprecision; active correction of errors
must therefore be implemented without causing loss of coherence. Quantum error-correction
theory has made great progress in this
regard, by predicting error-correcting 'codeword' quantum states.
But the coding is inefficient and requires many quantum bits,
which results in physically unwieldy fault-tolerant quantum circuits. Here I report a general technique
for circumventing the trade-off between the achieved noise tolerance and the
scale-up in computer size that is required to realize the error correction.
I adapt the recovery operation (the process by which noise is suppressed through
error detection and correction) to simultaneously correct errors and perform
a useful measurement that drives the computation. The result is that a quantum
computer need be only an order of magnitude larger than the logic device contained
within it. For example, the physical scale-up factor, required to factorize a thousand-digit number is reduced from 1,500
to 22, while preserving the original tolerated gate error rate (10
−5) and memory noise per bit (10−7). The
difficulty of realizing a useful quantum computer is therefore significantly
reduced.
Publisher
Nature Publishing,Nature Publishing Group
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