Asset Details
Do you wish to reserve the book?
Associations Between Air Pollution and Hospital Admissions for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, During the Hajj Cultural Events and the COVID-19 Outbreak
Hey, we have placed the reservation for you!
By the way, why not check out events that you can attend while you pick your title.
Oops! Something went wrong.
Looks like we were not able to place the reservation. Kindly try again later.
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
Associations Between Air Pollution and Hospital Admissions for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, During the Hajj Cultural Events and the COVID-19 Outbreak
Do you wish to request the book?
Associations Between Air Pollution and Hospital Admissions for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, During the Hajj Cultural Events and the COVID-19 Outbreak
Please be aware that the book you have requested cannot be checked out. If you would like to checkout this book, you can reserve another copy
We have requested the book for you!
Your request is successful and it will be processed during the Library working hours. Please check the status of your request in My Requests.
Oops! Something went wrong.
Looks like we were not able to place your request. Kindly try again later.
Journal Article
Associations Between Air Pollution and Hospital Admissions for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, During the Hajj Cultural Events and the COVID-19 Outbreak
2025
Overview
Air pollution is a global issue affecting health and the environment. This study investigated associations between PM10, NO2, and admissions from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Makkah (2019–2022), comparing Hajj cultural events and the COVID-19 lockdown with non-event periods, using time-series Poisson regression models adjusted for time and seasonality. Event interactions, particularly the impact of the Hajj and COVID-19 periods, were examined to assess potential effects on morbidity. The study findings showed that PM10 was significantly associated with increased respiratory admissions during the Hajj period (lag 0: RR = 1.066; 95% CI: 1.030–1.104), and with decreased risk during the non-Hajj period (lag 0: RR = 0.966; 95% CI: 0.942–0.991) and non-COVID periods (lag 0: RR = 0.946; 95% CI: 0.920–0.973). NO2 demonstrated a strong positive association with respiratory admissions during the Hajj period across all lags, peaking at lag 0 with a 16.2% increased risk (RR = 1.162; 95% CI: 1.118–1.207). Exposure to PM10 during Hajj was associated with a 3.1% increased risk of cardiovascular admissions (lag 0: RR = 1.031; 95% CI: 1.012–1.050) and decreased risk during non-Hajj (lag 0: RR = 0.981; 95% CI: 0.963–0.999) and non-COVID periods (lag 0: RR = 0.962; 95% CI: 0.942–0.983). NO2 exposure was positively associated with cardiovascular admissions during Hajj (lag 0: RR = 1.039; 95% CI: 1.019–1.056) and non-COVID periods (lag 0: RR = 1.037; 95% CI: 1.007–1.068). These findings provide event-specific evidence to guide targeted air quality management during mass gatherings, helping policymakers protect the health of Makkah’s residents and visitors.
