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The Auger Radioisotope Microscope: an instrument for characterization of Auger electron multiplicities and energy distributions

by Nolen, Jerry , Mueller, Peter , Stollenwerk, Patrick R , O’Connor, Thomas P , Southworth, Stephen H , Mustapha, Brahim , Young, Linda , Xie, Junqi , Renne, Amy , Bailey, Kevin G , Granato, Francesco , Dietrich, Matthew R

in Auger emitters / Auger multiplicity / Auger spectroscopy / Bifurcations / Cold / Data processing / Dosimetry / Electrons / Emission / Energy / Initial conditions / Krypton / Medical research / Microchannel plates / Microchannels / Nuclear medicine / Photoionization / Physics / radioactive cryogenic buffer gas beam source / Radioisotopes / Spectrum analysis

2025

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The Auger Radioisotope Microscope: an instrument for characterization of Auger electron multiplicities and energy distributions

2025

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The Auger Radioisotope Microscope: an instrument for characterization of Auger electron multiplicities and energy distributions

2025

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Journal Article

The Auger Radioisotope Microscope: an instrument for characterization of Auger electron multiplicities and energy distributions

Nolen, Jerry,

Mueller, Peter,

Stollenwerk, Patrick R,

O’Connor, Thomas P,

Southworth, Stephen H,

Mustapha, Brahim,

Young, Linda,

Xie, Junqi,

Renne, Amy,

Bailey, Kevin G,

Granato, Francesco,

Dietrich, Matthew R

2025

Overview

We describe a new instrument, the Argonne Auger Radioisotope Microscope (ARM), capable of characterizing the Auger electron (AE) emission of radionuclides, including candidates relevant in nuclear medicine. Our approach relies on event-by-event ion–electron coincidence, time-of-flight, and spatial readout measurement to determine correlated electron multiplicity and energy distributions of Auger decays. We present a proof-of-principle measurement with the ARM using x-ray photoionization of stable krypton beyond the K -edge and identify a bifurcation in the electron multiplicity distribution depending on the emission of K-LX electrons. Extension of the ARM to the characterization of radioactive sources of AE emissions is enabled by the combination of two recent developments: (1) cryogenic buffer gas beam technology to introduce Auger emitters into the detection region with well-defined initial conditions, and (2) large-area micro-channel plate detectors with multi-hit detection capabilities to simultaneously detect multiple electrons emitted in a single decay.

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Publisher

IOP Publishing

Subject

/ Cold