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The sociology of health in the United States: recent theoretical contributions
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Journal Article
The sociology of health in the United States: recent theoretical contributions
2014
Overview
This paper examines recent trends in theory in health sociology in the United States and finds that the use of theory is flourishing. The central thesis is that the field has reached a mature state and is in the early stage of a paradigm shift away from a past focus on methodological individualism (in which the individual is the primary unit of analysis) toward a growing utilization of theories with a structural orientation This outcome is materially aided by research methods (e.g. hierarchal linear modeling, biomarkers) providing measures of structural effects on the health of the individual that were often absent or underdeveloped in the past. Structure needs to be accounted for in any social endeavor and contemporary medical sociology appears to be doing precisely that as part of the next stage of its evolution. The recent contributions to theory in the sociology of health discussed in this paper are fundamental cause, medicalization, social capital, neighborhood disadvantage, and health lifestyle theories. O artigo analisa as tendências teóricas recentes da sociologia da saúde nos Estados Unidos e revela que o uso destas está florescendo. A tese central é que o campo atingiu a sua maturidade e está na fase inicial de uma mudança de paradigma de um foco anterior no individualismo metodológico (em que o indivíduo é a unidade primária de análise) em direção a uma crescente utilização de teorias com orientação estrutural. Este resultado é objetivamente auxiliado por métodos de pesquisa (por exemplo, a modelagem linear hierárquica, biomarcadores) que fornecem as medidas de efeitos estruturais sobre a saúde do indivíduo, que muitas vezes eram ausentes ou não desenvolvidos no passado. A orientação estrutural precisa ser considerada em qualquer empreendimento social e a sociologia médica contemporânea parece estar fazendo exatamente isso, como parte da próxima fase de sua evolução. As recentes contribuições à teoria da sociologia da saúde discutidas neste trabalho são as seguintes: causa fundamental, medicalização, capital social, desvantagens locais, e as teorias de estilo de vida em saúde.
Publisher
Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva,ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva
Subject
