Journal Article

Vitamin D supplementation increases adipokine concentrations in overweight or obese adults

Plebanski, Magdalena, de Courten, Barbora, Naderpoor, Negar, de Courten, Maximilian P. J., Scragg, Robert, Mousa, Aya, Wilson, Kirsty

2020

Overview

Purpose Vitamin D regulates adipokine production in vitro; however, clinical trials have been inconclusive. We conducted secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial to examine whether vitamin D supplementation improves adipokine concentrations in overweight/obese and vitamin D-deficient adults. Methods Sixty-five individuals with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) ≤ 50 nmol/L were randomized to oral cholecalciferol (100,000 IU single bolus followed by 4,000 IU daily) or matching placebo for 16 weeks. We measured BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, % body fat (dual X-ray absorptiometry), serum 25(OH)D (chemiluminescent immunoassay) and total adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and adipsin concentrations (multiplex assay; flow cytometry). Sun exposure, physical activity, and diet were assessed using questionnaires. Results Fifty-four participants completed the study (35M/19F; mean age = 31.9 ± 8.5 years; BMI = 30.9 ± 4.4 kg/m 2 ). After 16 weeks, vitamin D supplementation increased 25(OH)D concentrations compared with placebo (57.0 ± 21.3 versus 1.9 ± 15.1 nmol/L, p  < 0.001). There were no differences between groups for changes in adiponectin, leptin, resistin, or adipsin in unadjusted analyses (all p  > 0.05). After adjustment for baseline values, season, sun exposure, and dietary vitamin D intake, there was a greater increase in adiponectin ( β [95%CI] = 13.7[2.0, 25.5], p  = 0.02) and leptin ( β [95%CI] = 22.3[3.8, 40.9], p  = 0.02) in the vitamin D group compared with placebo. Results remained significant after additional adjustment for age, sex, and % body fat ( p  < 0.02). Conclusions Vitamin D may increase adiponectin and leptin concentrations in overweight/obese and vitamin D-deficient adults. Further studies are needed to clarify the molecular interactions between vitamin D and adipokines and the clinical implications of these interactions in the context of obesity. Clinical trial registration clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02112721

• Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D / Absorptiometry / Adiponectin / adults / blood serum / Body fat / body mass index / Body weight / chemiluminescence / Chemistry / Chemistry and Materials Science / cholecalciferol / Clinical trials / diet / Dietary supplements / Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry / Flow cytometry / Hip / immunoassays / Leptin / NCT / NCT02112721 / normal values / Nutrition / Obesity / Original Contribution / Overweight / Physical activity / placebos / questionnaires / randomized clinical trials / resistin / Vitamin D / vitamin D deficiency / waist-to-hip ratio