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Somatostatin receptors in pituitary somatotroph adenomas as predictors of response to somatostatin receptor ligands: A pathologist's perspective
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Somatostatin receptors in pituitary somatotroph adenomas as predictors of response to somatostatin receptor ligands: A pathologist's perspective
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Journal Article
Somatostatin receptors in pituitary somatotroph adenomas as predictors of response to somatostatin receptor ligands: A pathologist's perspective
2025
Overview
There are five subtypes of somatostatin receptors (SST1‐5), which are expressed in several types of solid neoplasms, neuroendocrine tumors, and pituitary adenomas. Most commonly, SST2 and SST5, are of interest regarding diagnostic, treatment, and prognostic purposes. In this article the basic biological characteristics of SST are briefly reviewed, and focus given to the immunohistochemical evaluation of SST2 and SST5 in growth hormone (GH)‐secreting pituitary tumors, and their quantification as predictors of response to treatment with somatostatin receptor ligands (SRL), the mainstay of the pharmacological therapy available for these tumors. Although many different scoring systems for SST2 immunohistochemistry showing correlation with SRL response have been reported, among which the immunoreactivity score (IRS) has been the most consistently used, a universally validated immunohistochemical technique and scoring scheme is lacking. Efforts should be made on collaborative multicenter studies aiming at validating homogeneous immunostaining protocols and a scoring system for SST2 and SST5 expression, to help clinicians to define the optimal therapeutic strategy for the patients with somatotroph tumors.
This article reviews the major biological characteristics of somatostatin receptors (SST2 and SST5) in anterior pituitary tumors, and the immunohistochemical evaluation of their expression as predictors of response to pharmacological therapy with SST ligands.
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc,John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subject
/ Cancer
/ Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma - drug therapy
/ Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma - metabolism
/ Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma - pathology
/ Humans
/ Ligands
/ Pituitary Neoplasms - drug therapy
/ Pituitary Neoplasms - metabolism
/ Pituitary Neoplasms - pathology
/ Receptors, Somatostatin - metabolism
/ somatostatin receptor ligands
/ SST2
/ Tumors
