Journal Article

A single introduction of Yersinia pestis to Brazil during the 3rd plague pandemic

Vogler, Amy J., Williamson, Charles H. D., Sahl, Jason W., Wagner, David M., Nottingham, Roxanne, Almeida, Alzira M. P., Rezende, Antonio M., Sobreira, Marise, Bollig, Molly C., Thompson, Brian, Birdsell, Dawn N., Rivera, Andrew, Leal, Nilma C., Keim, Paul

2019

Overview

Yersinia pestis was introduced to Brazil during the third plague pandemic and currently exists in several recognized foci. There is currently limited available phylogeographic data regarding Y. pestis in Brazil. We generated whole genome sequences for 411 Y. pestis strains from six Brazilian foci to investigate the phylogeography of Y. pestis in Brazil; these strains were isolated from 1966 to 1997. All 411 strains were assigned to a single monophyletic clade within the 1.ORI population, indicating a single Y. pestis introduction was responsible for the successful establishment of endemic foci in Brazil. There was a moderate level of genomic diversity but little population structure among the 411 Brazilian Y. pestis strains, consistent with a radial expansion wherein Y. pestis spread rapidly from the coast to the interior of Brazil and became ecologically established. Overall, there were no strong spatial or temporal patterns among the Brazilian strains. However, strains from the same focus tended to be more closely related and strains isolated from foci closer to the coast tended to fall in more basal positions in the whole genome phylogeny than strains from more interior foci. Overall, the patterns observed in Brazil are similar to other locations affected during the 3rd plague pandemic such as in North America and Madagascar.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Bioinformatics / Biology and Life Sciences / Brazil - epidemiology / Coastal environments / Computer and Information Sciences / CRISPR / DNA, Bacterial - genetics / Earth Sciences / Ecology and Environmental Sciences / Epidemics / Gene sequencing / Genetic Variation / Genome, Bacterial / Genomes / History, 19th Century / History, 20th Century / Humans / Medicine and Health Sciences / Pandemics / Pandemics - history / Pathogens / People and places / Phylogenetics / Phylogeny / Phylogeography / Plague / Plague - epidemiology / Plague - history / Plague - microbiology / Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Population structure / Research and Analysis Methods / Spatio-Temporal Analysis / Tropical diseases / Yersinia pestis / Yersinia pestis - classification / Yersinia pestis - genetics / Yersinia pestis - isolation & purification