Journal Article

Incorporating COVID-19 into Acute Febrile Illness Surveillance Systems, Belize, Kenya, Ethiopia, Peru, and Liberia, 2020–2021

Cohen, Adam L., Erickson, Timothy A., Gunter, Sarah M., Tedasse, Musse, Gbelee, G. Burgess, Edu-Quansah, Elijah P., Colston, Josh M., Gutierrez, Emily Zielinski, Kosek, Margaret N., Angra, Pawan, Herman-Roloff, Amy, Sugerman, David E., Park, Michael, Bigogo, Godfrey, Gashu, Andargachew, Onyango, Clayton O., Schiaffino, Francesca, Guerra, Marta, Hicks, Victoria J., Namwase, Angella Sandra, Murray, Kristy O., Wossen, Mesfin, Munoz, Flor M., Silver, Rachel, Maliga, Adrianna, Allen, Denise R., Alemu, Aynalem, Hunsperger, Elizabeth, Morazan, Gerhaldine, Nelson, Thelma V., Kazazian, Lilit, Henao, Olga L., Manzanero, Russell, Logan, Gorbee G., Balish, Amanda, Shih, David C., Audi, Allan, Yori, Pablo Penataro, Tayachew, Adamu, Peruski, Leonard F., Farron, Madeline, Mikoleit, Matt, Olortegui, Maribel Paredes, Ronca, Shannon E., Munywoki, Patrick K., Mackey, Joy M., Morey, Francis, Munyua, Peninah

2022

Overview

Existing acute febrile illness (AFI) surveillance systems can be leveraged to identify and characterize emerging pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collaborated with ministries of health and implementing partners in Belize, Ethiopia, Kenya, Liberia, and Peru to adapt AFI surveillance systems to generate COVID-19 response information. Staff at sentinel sites collected epidemiologic data from persons meeting AFI criteria and specimens for SARS-CoV-2 testing. A total of 5,501 patients with AFI were enrolled during March 2020-October 2021; >69% underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing. Percentage positivity for SARS-CoV-2 ranged from 4% (87/2,151, Kenya) to 19% (22/115, Ethiopia). We show SARS-CoV-2 testing was successfully integrated into AFI surveillance in 5 low- to middle-income countries to detect COVID-19 within AFI care-seeking populations. AFI surveillance systems can be used to build capacity to detect and respond to both emerging and endemic infectious disease threats.

• Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Subject: Communicable Diseases / coronavirus disease / COVID-19 / COVID-19 - epidemiology / COVID-19 Testing / Fever - epidemiology / Humans / Incorporating COVID-19 into Acute Febrile Illness Surveillance Systems, Belize, Kenya, Ethiopia, Peru, and Liberia, 2020–2021 / respiratory infections / SARS / SARS-CoV-2 / severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 / Surveillance, Information, and Laboratory Systems / United States