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Interaction of helminth parasites with the haemostatic system of their vertebrate hosts: a scoping review
Interaction of helminth parasites with the haemostatic system of their vertebrate hosts: a scoping review
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Interaction of helminth parasites with the haemostatic system of their vertebrate hosts: a scoping review
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Interaction of helminth parasites with the haemostatic system of their vertebrate hosts: a scoping review
Interaction of helminth parasites with the haemostatic system of their vertebrate hosts: a scoping review

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Interaction of helminth parasites with the haemostatic system of their vertebrate hosts: a scoping review
Interaction of helminth parasites with the haemostatic system of their vertebrate hosts: a scoping review
Journal Article

Interaction of helminth parasites with the haemostatic system of their vertebrate hosts: a scoping review

2022
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Overview
Helminth parasitoses are among the most prevalent health issues worldwide. Their control depends largely on unravelling host–parasite interactions, including parasitic exploitation of the host haemostatic system. The present study undertakes a scoping review of the research carried out in this field with the aim of unifying and updating concepts. Multiple keywords combined with Boolean operators were employed to design the literature search strategy. Two online databases were used to identify original peer-reviewed articles written in English and published before 1st January 2020 describing molecular interactions between helminth parasites and the host haemostatic system. Relevant data from the selected sources of evidence were extracted and analysed. Ninety-six publications reporting 259 interactions were selected. Fifty-three proteins belonging to 32 species of helminth parasites were involved in interactions with components of the host haemostatic system. Many of these proteins from both parasite and host were conserved among the different interactions identified. Most of these interactions were related to the inhibition of the coagulation system and the activation of fibrinolysis. This was associated mainly with a potential of parasites to reduce the formation of blood clots in the host and attributed to biological processes, such as parasite nutrition, survival, invasion, evasion and migration or the appearance of pathological mechanisms in the host. A wide range of helminth parasites have developed similar strategies to exploit the haemostatic system of their hosts, which could be regarded as an evolutionary conserved mechanism that could confer benefits to parasites in terms of survival and establishment in their vertebrate hosts. Les parasitoses par les helminthes sont à l’origine de problèmes de santé parmi les plus répandus dans le monde. Leur contrôle dépend en grande partie du démêlage des interactions hôte-parasite, y compris l’exploitation par les parasites du système hémostatique de l’hôte. La présente étude entreprend un examen exploratoire des recherches menées dans ce domaine dans le but d’unifier et d’actualiser les concepts. Plusieurs mots-clés combinés à des opérateurs booléens ont été utilisés pour concevoir la stratégie de recherche documentaire. Deux bases de données en ligne ont été utilisées pour identifier des articles originaux évalués par des pairs rédigés en anglais et publiés avant le 1er janvier 2020, décrivant les interactions moléculaires entre les helminthes parasites et le système hémostatique de l’hôte. Les données pertinentes des sources sélectionnées ont été extraites et analysées. Quatre-vingt-seize publications rapportant 259 interactions ont été sélectionnées. Cinquante-trois protéines appartenant à 32 espèces d’helminthes parasites ont été impliquées dans des interactions avec des composants du système hémostatique de l’hôte. Beaucoup de ces protéines du parasite et de l’hôte ont été conservées parmi les différentes interactions identifiées. La plupart de ces interactions étaient liées à l’inhibition du système de coagulation et à l’activation de la fibrinolyse. Ceci était principalement associé à un potentiel des parasites à réduire la formation de caillots sanguins chez l’hôte et attribué à des processus biologiques, tels que la nutrition, la survie, l’invasion, l’évasion et la migration des parasites ou l’apparition de mécanismes pathologiques chez l’hôte. Un large éventail d’helminthes parasites ont développé des stratégies similaires pour exploiter le système hémostatique de leurs hôtes, ce qui pourrait être considéré comme un mécanisme évolutif conservé qui pourrait conférer des avantages aux parasites en termes de survie et d’établissement chez leurs hôtes vertébrés.