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Plasmodium spp. in macaques, Macaca fascicularis, in Malaysia, and their potential role in zoonotic malaria transmission
Plasmodium spp. in macaques, Macaca fascicularis, in Malaysia, and their potential role in zoonotic malaria transmission
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Plasmodium spp. in macaques, Macaca fascicularis, in Malaysia, and their potential role in zoonotic malaria transmission
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Plasmodium spp. in macaques, Macaca fascicularis, in Malaysia, and their potential role in zoonotic malaria transmission
Plasmodium spp. in macaques, Macaca fascicularis, in Malaysia, and their potential role in zoonotic malaria transmission

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Plasmodium spp. in macaques, Macaca fascicularis, in Malaysia, and their potential role in zoonotic malaria transmission
Plasmodium spp. in macaques, Macaca fascicularis, in Malaysia, and their potential role in zoonotic malaria transmission
Journal Article

Plasmodium spp. in macaques, Macaca fascicularis, in Malaysia, and their potential role in zoonotic malaria transmission

2022
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Overview
Macaques, Macaca fascicularis , are a known reservoir of Plasmodium knowlesi, the agent of simian malaria which is the predominant zoonotic species affecting humans in Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries. Recently, a naturally acquired human infection of another simian malaria parasite, P. cynomolgi has been reported. Thus, it is crucial to study the distribution of simian Plasmodium infections with particular attention to the macaques. Four hundred and nineteen (419) long-tailed macaques ( Macaca fascicularis ) were trapped in selected areas where human cases of P. knowlesi and P. cynomolgi have been reported. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to identify the Plasmodium spp., and circumsporozoite protein (CSP) genes of P. knowlesi samples were sequenced. Plasmodium cynomolgi infection was shown to be the most prevalent among the macaque population (68.4%). Although 50.6% of analyzed samples contained single infections either with P. knowlesi , P. cynomolgi , P. inui , P. coatneyi , or P. fieldi , mixed infections with double, triple, quadruple, and all 5 species were also detected. Infection with P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi were the highest among Malaysian macaques in areas where humans and macaques are in close contact. The risk of zoonotic infection in these areas needs to be addressed since the number of zoonotic malaria cases is on the rise. With the elimination of human malaria, the risk of humans being infected with simian malaria is very high and steps should be taken to mitigate this issue. Les macaques, Macaca fascicularis , sont un réservoir connu de Plasmodium knowlesi , l’agent du paludisme simien qui est l’espèce zoonotique prédominante affectant les humains en Malaisie et dans d’autres pays d’Asie du Sud-Est. Récemment, une infection humaine acquise naturellement par un autre parasite du paludisme simien, P. cynomolgi , a été signalée. Ainsi, il est crucial d’étudier la distribution des infections simiennes à Plasmodium avec une attention particulière pour les macaques. Quatre cent dix-neuf (419) macaques à longue queue ( Macaca fascicularis ) ont été piégés dans des zones sélectionnées où des cas humains de P. knowlesi et P. cynomolgi avaient été signalés. La réaction en chaîne par polymérase (PCR) nichée a été menée pour identifier les Plasmodium spp. et les gènes de la protéine circumsporozoïte (CSP) des échantillons de P. knowlesi ont été séquencés. L’infection à P. cynomolgi s’est avérée la plus répandue parmi la population de macaques (68,4 %). Bien que 50,6 % des échantillons analysés montraient des infections simples avec soit P. knowlesi , P. cynomolgi , P. inui , P. coatneyi ou P. fieldi , des infections mixtes avec deux, trois, quatre ou même les cinq espèces ont également été détectées. L’infection par P. cynomolgi et P. knowlesi était la plus élevée parmi les macaques malais dans les zones où les humains et les macaques sont en contact étroit. Le risque d’infection zoonotique dans ces zones doit être pris en compte car le nombre de cas de paludisme zoonotique est en augmentation. Avec l’élimination du paludisme humain, le risque d’être infecté par le paludisme simien est très élevé et des mesures doivent être prises pour atténuer ce problème.