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Membrane transporters and folate homeostasis: intestinal absorption and transport into systemic compartments and tissues
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Membrane transporters and folate homeostasis: intestinal absorption and transport into systemic compartments and tissues
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Journal Article
Membrane transporters and folate homeostasis: intestinal absorption and transport into systemic compartments and tissues
2009
Overview
Members of the family of B9 vitamins are commonly known as folates. They are derived entirely from dietary sources and are key one-carbon donors required for de novo nucleotide and methionine synthesis. These highly hydrophilic molecules use several genetically distinct and functionally diverse transport systems to enter cells: the reduced folate carrier, the proton-coupled folate transporter and the folate receptors. Each plays a unique role in mediating folate transport across epithelia and into systemic tissues. The mechanism of intestinal folate absorption was recently uncovered, revealing the genetic basis for the autosomal recessive disorder hereditary folate malabsorption, which results from loss-of-function mutations in the proton-coupled folate transporter gene. It is therefore now possible to piece together how these folate transporters contribute, both individually and collectively, to folate homeostasis in humans. This review focuses on the physiological roles of the major folate transporters, with a brief consideration of their impact on the pharmacological activities of antifolates.
Publisher
Cambridge University Press
Subject
/ Biological Transport - genetics
/ Biological Transport - physiology
/ Cell Compartmentation - genetics
/ Cell Compartmentation - physiology
/ Humans
/ Intestinal Absorption - genetics
/ Intestinal Absorption - physiology
/ Membrane Transport Proteins - chemistry
/ Membrane Transport Proteins - genetics
/ Membrane Transport Proteins - physiology
/ Organ Specificity - genetics
/ Organ Specificity - physiology
/ Tumors
