Journal Article

Modeling Kaempferol as a Potential Pharmacological Agent for COVID-19/PF Co-Occurrence Based on Bioinformatics and System Pharmacological Tools

Jiang, Yong, Lin, Xue-Ying, Zhuang, Hong-Fa, Li, Hang, Zhan, Shao-Feng, Liu, Xiao-Hong, Yao, Kai-Nan, Peng, Chen-Wen, Huang, Xiu-Fang, Huang, Hui-Ting, Xie, Yi-Zi

2022

Overview

Objective: People suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are prone to develop pulmonary fibrosis (PF), but there is currently no definitive treatment for COVID-19/PF co-occurrence. Kaempferol with promising antiviral and anti-fibrotic effects is expected to become a potential treatment for COVID-19 and PF comorbidities. Therefore, this study explored the targets and molecular mechanisms of kaempferol against COVID-19/PF co-occurrence by bioinformatics and network pharmacology. Methods: Various open-source databases and Venn Diagram tool were applied to confirm the targets of kaempferol against COVID-19/PF co-occurrence. Protein-protein interaction (PPI), MCODE, key transcription factors, tissue-specific enrichment, molecular docking, Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were used to clarify the influential molecular mechanisms of kaempferol against COVID-19 and PF comorbidities. Results: 290 targets and 203 transcription factors of kaempferol against COVID-19/PF co-occurrence were captured. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SRC (SRC), mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8), RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1), transcription factor p65 (RELA) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform (PIK3CA) were identified as the most critical targets, and kaempferol showed effective binding activities with the above critical eight targets. Further, anti-COVID-19/PF co-occurrence effects of kaempferol were associated with the regulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, immunity, virus infection, cell growth process and metabolism. EGFR, interleukin 17 (IL-17), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT serine/threonine kinase (PI3K/AKT) and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways were identified as the key anti-COVID-19/PF co-occurrence pathways. Conclusion: Kaempferol is a candidate treatment for COVID-19/PF co-occurrence. The underlying mechanisms may be related to the regulation of critical targets (EGFR, SRC, MAPK3, MAPK1, MAPK8, AKT1, RELA, PIK3CA and so on) and EGFR, IL-17, TNF, HIF-1, PI3K/AKT and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. This study contributes to guiding development of new drugs for COVID-19 and PF comorbidities.

• Publisher: Frontiers Media SA,Frontiers Media S.A
• Subject: 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase / AKT protein / AKT1 protein / Antiviral agents / bioinformatic analysis / Bioinformatics / co-occurrence / Comorbidity / Coronaviruses / COVID-19 / Disease / Drug development / Drug resistance / Dyspnea / Epidermal growth factor receptors / Fibrosis / Genes / Genomes / Global health / Growth factors / Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 / Interleukin 17 / Kaempferol / Lung diseases / MAP kinase / Molecular modelling / Natural products / Ontology / Oxidative stress / Pharmacology / Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphosphate / Protein interaction / Protein-serine/threonine kinase / Proteins / Pulmonary fibrosis / Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 / Signal transduction / system pharmacology / Toll-like receptors / Transcription factors / Tumor necrosis factor