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Sequential enhancer state remodelling defines human germline competence and specification
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Journal Article
Sequential enhancer state remodelling defines human germline competence and specification
2022
Overview
Germline–soma segregation is a fundamental event during mammalian embryonic development. Here we establish the epigenetic principles of human primordial germ cell (hPGC) development using in vivo hPGCs and stem cell models recapitulating gastrulation. We show that morphogen-induced remodelling of mesendoderm enhancers transiently confers the competence for hPGC fate, but further activation favours mesoderm and endoderm fates. Consistently, reducing the expression of the mesendodermal transcription factor OTX2 promotes the PGC fate. In hPGCs, SOX17 and TFAP2C initiate activation of enhancers to establish a core germline programme, including the transcriptional repressor PRDM1 and pluripotency factors POU5F1 and NANOG. We demonstrate that
SOX17
enhancers are the critical components in the regulatory circuitry of germline competence. Furthermore, activation of upstream
cis
-regulatory elements by an optimized CRISPR activation system is sufficient for hPGC specification. We reveal an enhancer-linked germline transcription factor network that provides the basis for the evolutionary divergence of mammalian germlines.
Tang et al. report that sequential epigenetic remodelling of mesendoderm enhancers is required for the segregation of human primordial germ cell and mesendodermal cell fates.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
