Asset Details
Do you wish to reserve the book?
Differential Ophthalmological Profile in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Coexisting with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Elevated Tear Cytokine Concentrations
Hey, we have placed the reservation for you!
By the way, why not check out events that you can attend while you pick your title.
Oops! Something went wrong.
Looks like we were not able to place the reservation. Kindly try again later.
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
Differential Ophthalmological Profile in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Coexisting with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Elevated Tear Cytokine Concentrations
Do you wish to request the book?
Differential Ophthalmological Profile in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Coexisting with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Elevated Tear Cytokine Concentrations
Please be aware that the book you have requested cannot be checked out. If you would like to checkout this book, you can reserve another copy
We have requested the book for you!
Your request is successful and it will be processed during the Library working hours. Please check the status of your request in My Requests.
Oops! Something went wrong.
Looks like we were not able to place your request. Kindly try again later.
Journal Article
Differential Ophthalmological Profile in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Coexisting with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Elevated Tear Cytokine Concentrations
2024
Overview
Background/Objectives: Coronary artery disease (CAD) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation. However, measuring cytokines typically involves invasive blood sampling, which can be problematic for CAD patients. This study aimed to assess ophthalmological parameters and tear cytokines in patients with CAD, comparing those with comorbid T2DM to those without to understand their inflammatory profiles. Methods: One hundred subjects with suspected chronic or acute CAD were initially included in this single-center cross-sectional study after clinical stabilization. Seventy-two patients with confirmed CAD were divided into two groups: 32 patients with T2DM and 40 patients without T2DM. A total of 144 eyes were examined, and tear fluid samples were collected to determine cytokine concentrations. Ophthalmological parameters and tear concentrations of cytokines were analyzed, controlling for age, sex, and other cardiovascular risk factors. Results: Patients with CAD and T2DM exhibited decreased ophthalmological parameters and increased cytokine concentrations in comparison to those without T2DM. Significant inverse correlations between ophthalmological parameters and cytokine concentrations were observed. Following adjustment, a full logistic regression model for distinguishing patients with CAD and comorbid T2DM included macular cube volume, mean macular thickness, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-9, IL-13, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), CCL3, CCL4, and CCL11/eotaxin-1, demonstrating excellent discriminatory power (Area Under the Curve = 0.95, 95% Confidence Interval = 0.91–0.99; p < 0.001). Subsequently, IL-5 (Odds Ratio = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.26–2.24; p < 0.001), G-CSF (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02–1.11; p < 0.01), and CCL11/eotaxin-1 (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.19–2.05; p = 0.001) emerged as the most distinguishing variables in a reduced model (AUC = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.84–0.95; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Differences in ophthalmological variables, mainly in cytokine concentrations, suggest distinct pathophysiological mechanisms in patients with CAD based on the presence of T2DM. These findings demonstrate that the inflammatory profile can be readily detected through tear sample cytokines, proving valuable for establishing more accurate prognoses and monitoring in cardiometabolic disorders.
Publisher
MDPI AG,MDPI
Subject
