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The Protective Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Atherosclerotic Diseases
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The Protective Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Atherosclerotic Diseases
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Journal Article
The Protective Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Atherosclerotic Diseases
2019
Overview
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an intracellular enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of heme to generate ferrous iron, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin, which is subsequently converted to bilirubin. These products have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-thrombotic properties. Although HO-1 is expressed at low levels in most tissues under basal conditions, it is highly inducible in response to various pathophysiological stresses/stimuli. HO-1 induction is thus thought to be an adaptive defense system that functions to protect cells and tissues against injury in many disease settings. In atherosclerosis, HO-1 may play a protective role against the progression of atherosclerosis, mainly due to the degradation of pro-oxidant heme, the generation of anti-oxidants biliverdin and bilirubin and the production of vasodilator CO. In animal models, a lack of HO-1 was shown to accelerate atherosclerosis, whereas HO-1 induction reduced atherosclerosis. It was also reported that HO-1 induction improved the cardiac function and postinfarction survival in animal models of heart failure or myocardial infarction. Recently, we and others examined blood HO-1 levels in patients with atherosclerotic diseases, e.g., coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Taken together, these findings to date support the notion that HO-1 plays a protective role against the progression of atherosclerotic diseases. This review summarizes the roles of HO-1 in atherosclerosis and focuses on the clinical studies that examined the relationships between HO-1 levels and atherosclerotic diseases.
Publisher
MDPI AG,MDPI
Subject
/ Animals
/ Atherosclerosis - prevention & control
/ Carbon Monoxide - metabolism
/ Coronary Artery Disease - blood
/ Coronary Artery Disease - genetics
/ Coronary Artery Disease - pathology
/ Coronary Artery Disease - prevention & control
/ Heme Oxygenase-1 - therapeutic use
/ Humans
/ Iron
/ Kinases
/ Peripheral Arterial Disease - blood
/ Peripheral Arterial Disease - genetics
/ Peripheral Arterial Disease - pathology
/ Peripheral Arterial Disease - prevention & control
/ Proteins
/ Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
/ Review
