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The costs of avoiding environmental impacts from shale-gas surface infrastructure
by
Gagnolet, Tamara D.
, Milt, Austin W.
, Armsworth, Paul R.
in
access roads
/ agrupación de tuberías
/ carreteras de acceso
/ computer software
/ conjunto de pozos
/ Conservation of Natural Resources
/ conservation planning
/ Conservation Practice and Policy
/ Ecosystem
/ energy
/ Energy consumption
/ Energy demand
/ environmental externalities
/ Environmental impact
/ Environmental objective
/ Environmental performance
/ externalidades ambientales
/ Forests
/ Fresh Water
/ freshwater
/ gathering pipelines
/ habitat fragmentation
/ Infrastructure
/ Land use
/ land use change
/ multiobjective planning
/ Natural Gas
/ Oil shale
/ optimización espacial
/ planeación de la conservación
/ planeación multiobjetiva
/ planning
/ políticas de gas de esquisto
/ Rare species
/ shale-energy policy
/ Shales
/ soil
/ Soil erosion
/ spatial optimization
/ streams
/ well pads
/ wetlands
2016
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The costs of avoiding environmental impacts from shale-gas surface infrastructure
by
Gagnolet, Tamara D.
, Milt, Austin W.
, Armsworth, Paul R.
in
access roads
/ agrupación de tuberías
/ carreteras de acceso
/ computer software
/ conjunto de pozos
/ Conservation of Natural Resources
/ conservation planning
/ Conservation Practice and Policy
/ Ecosystem
/ energy
/ Energy consumption
/ Energy demand
/ environmental externalities
/ Environmental impact
/ Environmental objective
/ Environmental performance
/ externalidades ambientales
/ Forests
/ Fresh Water
/ freshwater
/ gathering pipelines
/ habitat fragmentation
/ Infrastructure
/ Land use
/ land use change
/ multiobjective planning
/ Natural Gas
/ Oil shale
/ optimización espacial
/ planeación de la conservación
/ planeación multiobjetiva
/ planning
/ políticas de gas de esquisto
/ Rare species
/ shale-energy policy
/ Shales
/ soil
/ Soil erosion
/ spatial optimization
/ streams
/ well pads
/ wetlands
2016
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The costs of avoiding environmental impacts from shale-gas surface infrastructure
by
Gagnolet, Tamara D.
, Milt, Austin W.
, Armsworth, Paul R.
in
access roads
/ agrupación de tuberías
/ carreteras de acceso
/ computer software
/ conjunto de pozos
/ Conservation of Natural Resources
/ conservation planning
/ Conservation Practice and Policy
/ Ecosystem
/ energy
/ Energy consumption
/ Energy demand
/ environmental externalities
/ Environmental impact
/ Environmental objective
/ Environmental performance
/ externalidades ambientales
/ Forests
/ Fresh Water
/ freshwater
/ gathering pipelines
/ habitat fragmentation
/ Infrastructure
/ Land use
/ land use change
/ multiobjective planning
/ Natural Gas
/ Oil shale
/ optimización espacial
/ planeación de la conservación
/ planeación multiobjetiva
/ planning
/ políticas de gas de esquisto
/ Rare species
/ shale-energy policy
/ Shales
/ soil
/ Soil erosion
/ spatial optimization
/ streams
/ well pads
/ wetlands
2016
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The costs of avoiding environmental impacts from shale-gas surface infrastructure
Journal Article
The costs of avoiding environmental impacts from shale-gas surface infrastructure
2016
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Overview
Growing energy demand has increased the need to manage conflicts between energy production and the environment. As an example, shale-gas extraction requires substantial surface infrastructure, which fragments habitats, erodes soils, degrades freshwater systems, and displaces rare species. Strategic planning of shale-gas infrastructure can reduce trade-offs between economic and environmental objectives, but the specific nature of these trade-offs is not known. We estimated the cost of avoiding impacts from land-use change on forests, wetlands, rare species, and streams from shale-energy development within leaseholds. We created software for optimally siting shale-gas surface infrastructure to minimize its environmental impacts at reasonable construction cost. We visually assessed sites before infrastructure optimization to test whether such inspection could be used to predict whether impacts could be avoided at the site. On average, up to 38% of aggregate environmental impacts of infrastructure could be avoided for 20% greater development costs by spatially optimizing infrastructure. However, we found trade-offs between environmental impacts and costs among sites. In visual inspections, we often distinguished between sites that could be developed to avoid impacts at relatively low cost (29%) and those that could not (20%). Reductions in a metric of aggregate environmental impact could be largely attributed to potential displacement of rare species, sedimentation, and forest fragmentation. Planners and regulators can estimate and use heterogeneous trade-offs among development sites to create industry-wide improvements in environmental performance and do so at reasonable costs by, for example, leveraging low-cost avoidance of impacts at some sites to offset others. This could require substantial effort, but the results and software we provide can facilitate the process. La creciente demanda de energía ha incrementado la necesidad de manejar los conflictos entre la producción de energía y el ambiente. Como ejemplo, la extracción de gas esquisto requiere de una infraestructura superficial sustancial, la cual fragmenta los habitats, erosiona el suelo, degrada los sistemas de agua dulce y desplaza a las especies raras. La planeación estratégica de la infraestructura de gas esquisto puede reducir las compensaciones entre los objetivos económicos y ambientales, pero la naturaleza específica de estas compensaciones no se conoce. Estimamos el costo de evitar los impactos del cambio de uso de suelo causado por el desarrollo de gas esquisto dentro de los arriendos sobre los bosques, humedales, especies raras y arroyos Creamos un software para sitiar óptimamente la infraestructura superficial de gas esquisto y minimizar su impacto ambiental a un costo de construcción razonable. Valoramos visualmente los sitios antes de la optimización de la infraestructura para probar si dicha inspección podría usarse para predecir si los impactos podrían evitarse en el sitio. En promedio, hasta el 38 % de los impactos ambientales agregados de la infraestructura podría evitarse por 20 % de costos de desarrollo mayores al optimizar espacialmente la infraestructura. Sin embargo, encontramos compensaciones entre los impactos ambientales y los costos entre los sitios. En las inspecciones visuales muchas veces distinguimos entre los sitios que podrían desarrollarse para evitar los impactos a un costo relativamente bajo (29 %) y aquellos que no podrían (20 %). Las reducciones en una medida de impacto ambiental agregado podrían atribuirse en su mayoría al desplazamiento potencial de las especies raras, la sedimentación y la fragmentación del bosque. Los planificadores y los reguladores pueden estimar y usar compensaciones heterogéneas entre los sitios de desarrollo para crear mejoras en el desempeño ambiental a lo largo de la industria y hacerlo a costos razonables al, por ejemplo, evitar los impactos en algunos sitios para compensar otros. Esto podría requerir un esfuerzo sustancial, pero los resultados y el software que proporcionamos pueden facilitar el proceso.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd,Wiley Periodicals Inc
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