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How to Reduce the Risk of Mechanical Failures in Adult Deformity Surgery: Comparing GAP Score and Roussouly Type Restoration
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How to Reduce the Risk of Mechanical Failures in Adult Deformity Surgery: Comparing GAP Score and Roussouly Type Restoration
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Journal Article
How to Reduce the Risk of Mechanical Failures in Adult Deformity Surgery: Comparing GAP Score and Roussouly Type Restoration
2025
Overview
Study Design
Retrospective Cohort Study.
Objectives
To assess long-term alignment descriptors correlating with mechanical complications.
Methods
The study included adult spinal deformity cases older than 18, with a minimum of four instrumented levels and a 5-year follow-up. Exclusions: previous spinal fusion, neuromuscular/rheumatic diseases, active infections, tumors, or incomplete radiographic exams. Collected data: demographic, surgical, pre- and post-operative spinopelvic parameters, and post-operative complications. The GAP score, original Roussouly type restoration, Schwab’s criteria, and Odontoid to hip axis angle were evaluated using machine learning and logistic regression. Complications were evaluated with a Kaplan-Meier curve.
Results
Two hundred and twelve patients fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. The observed rate of revision surgery for mechanical complications was 40.6% (86 out of 212 patients). Higher post-operative GAP scores were associated with increased risks of revision for junctional failure (AUC = 0.72 [IC 95%] 0.62-0.80). The inability to restore the original Roussouly spinal shape was statistically associated with higher mechanical failure rates. A machine-learning approach and subsequent logistic regression found that the GAP score and original Roussouly type restoration are the most important predictors for mechanical failure, and GAP score lordosis distribution index and relative pelvic version are the most important factors to predict the risk of mechanical failure.
Conclusions
In our series, a proper post-operative GAP Score and the restoration of the original Roussouly type significantly minimize mechanical complication rates. We observed that junctional failure tends to occur earlier among complications, while implant failure occurs later in the follow-up.
Publisher
SAGE Publications,Sage Publications Ltd,SAGE Publishing
Subject
